Monday, April 13, 2009

Interview with L. Ron Hubbard, Jr. - June 1983

Penthouse Interview with L. Ron Hubbard, Jr.
Penthouse/June 1983

Scientology and all the other cults are one-dimensional, and we live in a three-dimensional world. Cults are as dangerous as drugs. They commit the highest crime: the rape of the soul. -- L. Ron Hubbard, Jr.

For more than twenty years L. Ron Hubbard, Jr., has been a man on the run. He has changed residences, occupations, and even his name in 1972 to Ron DeWolf to escape what he alleges to be the retribution and wrath of his father and his father's organization-- the Church of Scientology. His father, L. Ron Hubbard. Sr., founder and leader of Scientology, has been a figure of controversy and mystery, as has been his organization, for more than a generation. Its detractors have called it the "granddaddy" and the worst of all the religious cults that have sprung up over the last generation. Its advocates-- and there are thousands--swear that the church is the avenue for human perfection and happiness. Millions of words have been written for and against Scientology. Just what is the truth?

L. Ron Hubbard, Sr., and the very few who have worked at the highest echelons of the organization have never spoken publicly about the workings and finances of the Church of Scientology. Firsthand allegations about coercion, black-mail, and just how billions of dollars the organization is said to possess have been accrued and spent is lacking: that is, until very recently. In an extraordinary petition brought November 10, 1982, in Superior Court in Riverside, Calif., by L. Ron Hubbard, Jr., to prove that his father is dead and that his heirs should receive the tens of millions of dollars being dissipated from his estate, some of the mystery about Scientology has begun to unravel. Some of the details are shocking.

L. Ron Hubbard, Jr., is a survivor. His appearance on earth, May 7, 1934, was the result of failed abortion rituals by his father, and Ron, after only six and a half months in the womb and at 2.2 pounds entered the world. His mother, Margeret ("Polly") Grubb, was to have one more child, Catherine May, before her husband ditched her in 1946 to enter into a bigamous marriage with Sarah Northrup. A half sister, Alexis Valerie, survived that union. Soon after that, the founder of Scientology married Mary Sue Whipp, the current Mrs. L. Ron Hubbard, Sr., who at this writing is serving four years in federal prison for stealing government documents. There were four children: Diana and Quentin, who died under mysterious circumstances in 1976; Arthur, who has been missing for several years; and Suzette.

Ron Jr. says that he remembers much of his childhood. He claims to recall, at six years, a vivid scene of his father performing an abortion ritual on his mother with a coat hanger. He remembers that when he was ten years old, his father, in an attempt to get his son in tune with his black-magic worship, laced the young Hubbard's bubble gum with phenobarbital. Drugs were an important part of Ron Jr.'s growing up, as his father believed that they were the best way to get closer to Satan --the Antichrist of black magic.

Ron Jr. also recalls a hard-drinking, drug-abusing father who would mistreat his mother and other women, but who, when, under the influence, would delight in telling his son all of his exploits. Finally, Ron Jr. remembers his father as a "broke science-fiction writer" who espoused that the road to riches and glory lay in selling religion to the masses.

Nineteen fifty was a watershed year for the sixteen-year-old Ron Jr., when his father's book Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health was published. While in the 1980s self-help books hold little novelty, Dianetics was a pioneer of that genre. Happiness in 1950 could be a reality, if only one practiced the strange amalgam of science fiction and psychoanalysis offered in the senior Hubbard's best-seller. It was an unexpected success for Hubbard, then living in New Jersey, when the mailman would deliver daily sacks of letters from the unhappy and desperate who had read the book and wanted L. Ron Hubbard to take them to the promised land. It was a dream come true --a science-fiction writer who not only created a world of fantasy but packaged it and sold it as reality.

In 1950 L. Ron Hubbard opened a Diane tics clinic, where the hopeful and newly converted could come, for a fee, and their ills --from loneliness to cancer --would be cured. Dianetics was the new Scientific Revolution. and L. Ron Hubbard was its prophet.

Scientology is essentially a self-help therapy. It is based on one premise that by recalling negative experiences or "engrams", a person can free himself from repressed feelings that cripple his life. This liberation process is assisted by a counselor called an "auditor" who charges up to hundreds of dollars a session. The auditor's basic aid is the "E-meter", a skin galvanometer that is said to help him ascertain the problems of his client.

Soon the New Jersey authorities and the American Medical Association challenged the veracity of the new faith. L. Ron Hubbard met the challenge by fleeing the state (not the last time this was to happen). A frequent memory of Ron Jr. is his father's packing up shoe boxes with thousands of dollars to move on to greener and safer pastures.

Coming into manhood in the early fifties, Ron Jr. learned the virtues of flimflam and keeping one step ahead of the law and creditors. But he admits that he accepted his father's teachings and example as correct. By the time his father started the modern Church of Scientology in Arizona and New Jersey in 1953, young Hubbard was not only a disciple but a willing organizer in the new movement. He was to be so throughout the 1950s.

While Ron Jr. may never have questioned his father and the mushrooming cult of Scientology, a growing uneasiness began to take hold of him. In 1953 he married Henrietta, whom he never allowed to join the church. They were to have six children --Deborah, Leif, Esther, Eric, Harry and Alex, age twelve, who suffers from Down's Syndrome-- plus six grandchildren, none or whom were ever members of Scientology. The importance of family life, especially in contrast to his own up-bringing, caused Ron Jr. to question his life as a member of Scientology, albeit privately. Other factors also caused Ron Jr. to think about breaking away from the cult that was dominating his life. His father's autocratic and arbitrary control of Scientology often led to violence, and the young Hubbard began to be disturbed by his own participation. Certain questionable transactions involving drug dealing and the transfer of large sums of money abroad by his father was another troubling factor. But, he says, the breaking point came over his father's involvement with the Russians. Finally, in 1959, when his father was in Australia, Ron, his wife, and two children fled the Church of Scientology.

According to Ron Jr., life was to become a nightmarish existence. No matter, where the family went in the United States, it would not take long for a member of the organization to find them. Because he knew too much about Scientology and its founder, Ron says, attempts were made to ensure his silence. For many years L. Ron Hubbard, Jr. kept a low profile.

Keeping silent did not end Ron's terror of what his father and followers might do to him and his family. In 1976 his half brother Quentin died under mysterious circumstances that Ron is certain was murder. Quentin, a son of Scientology's leader, was a drug abuser and an embarrassment to his father. Whether all these questions were signs of paranoia finally became less important to Ron than discovering, once and for all, the truth about his father. In 1980 Ron became convinced that his father was dead, and that his death was being kept a secret by the Church of Scientology, lest knowledge of his death cause chaos in the organization. He filed his petition and an open war was declared. Should he win the suit by proving that his father is either dead or incompetent, Ron and other family members will receive the millions of dollars believed to be part of L. Ron Hubbard's estate.

For some thirty years, stories, rumors, and innuendo about the Church of Scientology have been whispered, and sometimes reported, internationally. Obviously, the final judgment of L. Ron Hubbard. Jr., and his allegations remains to be made. But because of his high-level involvement for such a long time with this controversial organization, he himself has become a newsworthy figure. To find out what this man at the center of an international firestorm is like. Penthouse sent contributing editor Allan Sonnenschein to Carson City, Nev, where he met Hubbard in the small three-bedroom apartment in which he lives (he manages the apartment complex). "DeWolf." Sonnenschein told us, "is a stocky and ruddy-complexioned man, with thinning red hair. Despite his almost continuous involvement with lawyers of both sides of his case, DeWolf was very relaxed during the several hours. I spent with him. He seemed convinced that his desire to tell his story after all these years was of vital importance ... and he spoke with a firmness and intensity befitting a person who claims to be risking his life by speaking out."

Because of the seriousness of Mr. DeWolf's charges and because his father has affected the lives of thousands, if not millions, of people, Penthouse will be launching an independent investigation of these charges. The results will be published in a forthcoming issue.

Penthouse: Before you filed your lawsuit and began speaking openly about Scientology, there was very little news of it in the media. Why do you think there has been so little investigation of Scientology?

Hubbard: it's very simple. Scientology has always had a "fair-game doctrine"--a policy of doing absolutely anything to stop an investigation or publication of a critical article in a magazine or newspaper. They have run some incredible operations on the several people who have tried to write books about Scientology. It was almost like a terror campaign. First they'd try throwing every possible lawsuit at the reporter or newspaper. We had a team of attorneys to do just that. The goal was to destroy the enemy. So the solution was always to attack, full-bore, with every possible resource, from every angle, instantaneously it can certainly be overwhelming. A guy would get slapped with twenty-seven lawsuits, and our lawyers would start depositioning absolutely anybody who ever knew the man, digging up dirt while at the same time putting together an operation that would get him into further trouble. I know of one case, concerning Paulette Cooper, who wrote a book called The Scandal of Scientology, in which they spent almost $500.000 trying to destroy her.

Penthouse: So you think the press was intimidated?

Hubbard: Oh, absolutely. All the way through, since the fifties. I found this very sad. It seemed very much like Germany in the thirties. The freedom of the press seemed buried. They got scared. They thought. "Well, who wants to go through ten years of lawsuits, just because we printed the name L. Ron Hubbard?" I'm delighted to see that Penthouse has the balls to print this interview.

Penthouse: Why do you think it's so risky?

Hubbard: My father drilled into all of us: Don't go to court thinking to win a lawsuit. You go to court to harass, to delay, to exhaust the enemy financially, physically, mentally. You file every motion you can think of and you just lock them up in court. The courts, for my father, were never used to seek justice or redress, put to destroy the people he thought were enemies, to prevent negative stories from appearing. He just wanted complete control of the press --and got it.

Penthouse: What exactly is Scientology?

Hubbard: Scientology is a power-and-money-and-intelligence-gathering game. To use common, everyday English, Scientology says that you and I and everybody else willed ourselves into being hundreds of trillions of years ago --just by deciding to be. We willed ourselves into being ourselves. Through wild space games, interaction, fights, and wars in the grand science-fiction tradition, we created this universe --all the matter, energy, space, and time of this universe. And so through these trillions of years, we have become the effect of our own cause and we now find ourselves trapped in bodies. So the idea of Scientology "auditing" or 'counseling" or "processing" is to free yourself from your body and to return you to the original godlike state or, in Scientology jargon, an operating Thetan --O.T. We are all fallen gods, according to Scientology, and the goal is to be returned to that state.

Penthouse: And what is the Church of Scientology?

Hubbard: It's one of my father's many organizations. It was formed in 1953, basically to avoid the harassment of my father by the medical profession and the IRS. The idea of Scientology didn't really exist before that point as a religion, but my father hit upon turning it into a church after he started feeling pressured.

Penthouse: Didn't your father have any interest in helping people?

Hubbard: No.

Penthouse: Never?

Hubbard: My father started out as a broke science-fiction writer. He was always broke in the late 1940s. He told me and a lot of other people that the way to make a million was to start a religion. Then he wrote the book Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health while he was in Bayhead, New Jersey. When we later visited Bayhead, in about 1953, we were walking around and reminiscing --he told me that he had written the book in one month.

Penthouse: There was no church when he wrote the book?

Hubbard: Oh, no, no. You see, his goal was basically to write the book, take the money and run. But in 1950, this was the first major book of do-it-yourself psychotherapy, and it became a runaway best-seller. He kept getting, literally, mail trucks full of mail. And so he and some other people, including J. W. Campbell, the editor of Astounding Science Fiction, started the Dianetics Research Foundation in Elizabeth, New Jersey. And the post office kept backing up and just dumping mail sacks into the building. The foundation had a staff that just ran through the envelopes and threw away anything that didn't have any money in it.

Penthouse: People sent money?

Hubbard: Yeah, they wanted training and further Dianetic auditing, Dianetic processing. It was just an incredible avalanche.

Penthouse: Did he write the book off the top of his head? Did he do any real research?

Hubbard: No research at all. When he has answered that question over the years, his answer has changed according to which biography he was writing. Sometimes he used to write a new biography every week. He usually said that he had put thirty years of research into the book. But no, he did not. What he did, reaily, was take bits and pieces from other people and put them together in a blender and stir them all up --and out came Dianetics! All the examples in the book --some 200 "real-life experiences" --were just the result of his obsessions with abortions and unconscious states... In fact, the vast majority of those incidents were invented off the top of his head. The rest stem from his own secret life, which was deeply involved in the occult and black-magic. That involvement goes back to when he was sixteen, living in Washington. D.C. He got hold of the book by Alistair Crowley called The Book of Law. He was very interested in several things that were the creation of what some people call the Moon Child. It was basically an attempt to create an immaculate conception --except by Satan rather than by God. Another important idea was the creation of what they call embryo implants --of getting a satanic or demonic spirit to inhabit the body of a fetus. This would come about as a result of black-magic rituals, which included the use of hypnosis, drugs, and other dangerous and destructive practices. One of the important things was to destroy the evidence if you failed at this immaculate conception. That's how my father became obsessed with abortions. I have a memory of this that goes back to when I was six years old. It is certainly a problem for my father and for Scientology that I rememoer this. It was around 1939, 1940, that I watched my father doing something to my mother. She was lying on the bed and he was sitting on her, facing her feet. He had a coat hanger in his hand. There was blood all over the place. I remember my father shouting at me. "Go back to bed!" A little while later a doctor came and took her off to the hospital. She didn't talk about it for quite a number of years. Neither did my father.

Penthouse: He was trying to perform an abortion?

Hubbard: According to him and my mother, he tried to do it with me. I was born at six and a half months and weighed two pounds, two ounces. I mean, I wasn't born: this is what came out as a result of their attempt to abort me. It happened during a night of partying --he got involved in trying to do a black-magic number. Also, I've got to complete this by saying that he thought of himself as the Beast 666 incarnate.

Penthouse: The devil?

Hubbard: Yes. The Antichrist. Alestair Crowley thought of himself as such. And when Crowley died in 1947, my father then decided that he should wear the cloak of the beast and become the most powerful being in the universe.

Penthouse: You were sixteen years old at that time. What did you believe in?

Hubbard: I believed in Satanism. There was no other religion in the house! Scientology and black magic. What a lot of people don't realize is that Scientology is black magic that is just spread out over a long time period. To perform black magic generally takes a few hours or, at most, a few weeks. But in Scientology it's stretched out over a lifetime, and so you don't see it. Black magic is the inner core of Scientology --and it is probably the only part of Scientology that really works. Also, you've got to realize that my father did not worship Satan. He thought he was Satan. He was one with Satan. He had a direct pipeline of communication and power with him. My father wouldn't have worshiped anything. I mean, when you think you're the most powerful being in the universe, you have no respect for anything, let alone worship.

Penthouse: Let's get back to how you saw Scientology working on an individual basis. What if someone wrote to your father asking if he could cure their cancer?

Hubbard: He'd say, Oh, yes, he could handle that.

Penthouse: And what would be the charge for curing cancer?

Hubbard: Back in those days it was anywhere from $10 to $25 an hour. Now ,it's up to $300 or more an hour.

Penthouse: What exactly did that pay for?

Hubbard: To be audited. In the old days, the patient would lie on a couch and the auditor would sit in a chair and counsel. The words auditing, counseling, and processing are really the same in Scientology.

Penthouse: What would be discussed?

Hubbard: They would say that the cancer and its cure are just incidental to the main problem of one's "spiritual development." And according to Dianetics and Scientology, the explanation for cancer is basically that you have a sex problem?

Penthouse: A sex problem?

Hubbard: Right.

Penthouse: How did he figure that?

Hubbard: Quite simply, according to my father. Cancer is basically cells that are dividing out of control, and so, according to my father, the problem is a sexual thing. Therefore the cancer is rooted in a sexual problem. If you have cancer, you are really screwed up on sex. So what would happen in this auditing --I don't know what it's like now, but it's probably just the same as in the old days --is that they would address a guy's entire sex life. There was certainly an incredible preoccupation. In Dianetmos and Scientology, about sex was a great means of control. You have complete control of someone if you have every detail of his sex life and fantasy life on record.

Penthouse: What if someone who went thought the training just wanted to drop out?

Hubbard: There was no way. There were thousands of people, back in the fifties who would come in and receive various levels of training, such as a Huboard Certified Auditor's Certificate or a Bachelor of Scientology or a Doctorate of Scientology, and if they didn't toe the mark as my father wanted them to, then we would cancel their certificates. And then he would notify the Scientologists in the area where the man lived not to have anything to do with him, to disconnect from him. And if information was available about him, we would spread that information around to his wife, his family, his children, where he worked, everywhere. It was straight blackmail. It was "Stay in the fold or else." Then, later on, they developed what they called an ethics review board. If you didn't toe the mark, you'd be put on trial in front of a kangaroo court and then be sentenced to maybe scrub floors. I heard that you had to walk around with a dirty rag tied around your arm like a badge. You could be made to do anything. You would be locked in a chain locker or handcuffed to a bed. This is in later years. We were simpler in the fifties, more direct. I just went out and beat them up.

(For my father, the courts were used to destroy people he thought were enemies ... I'm delighted to see that Penthouse has the balls to print this interview.)

Penthouse: Physical beatings?

Hubbard: Yeah. We'd strong-arm them. I did it myself. And you had to realize that I weighed around 240 pounds in those days. When I taught Scientology, no students ever blew my courses! I would go out and physically retrieve my students. You know, the Scientologists are now trying to make me out to be the worst person since Attila the Hun. They forget that when I was director of training for the organization, I trained literally thousands of people. I created a lot of the Scientology processes and procedures throughout the fifties. I really helped create and run the organization. I was very deeply involved, very directly, for seven years, during its formulation and building. So I find their attempts to discredit me amusing. I used to have a thing about saying that nobody ever ran out of my courses. If you think est is tough, you ought to have taken courses under me in the fifties!

Penthouse: What would happen if someone went to your class, decided it was bullshit, and never came back?

Hubbard: If you signed up for a course and you came to my class, I'd keep you there or go physically retrieve you if you left.

Penthouse: You'd already gotten the money, so why did you bother?

Hubbard: Because I thought I was allknowing, all-powerful --totally arrogant and egotistical --for one thing. I was quite insufferable.

Penthouse: Your father knew this was going on?

Hubbard: Well, sure. Nobody did a thing in Scientology without his direct knowledge or consent or without his orders.

Penthouse: Did it ever go beyond these physical beatings?

Hubbard: I remember locking one girl up in a shack out in the desert for at least a couple or weeks.

Penthouse: Why were things like this never publicized?

Hubbard: Because the same reign of terror that occurred under Robespierre and Hitler occurred back then in the fifties, as it occurs now. You must realize that there is very little actual courage in this world. It's pretty easy to bend people around. It doesn't take much to shut people up, it really doesn't. In the fifties all I had to do was call a guy up on the telephone and say, "Well, I think your wife would like to know about your mistress." The response would be a shocked "Oh, my God!" I'd say, "Well, nobody really wants to divulge that kind of information. I think it would be absolutely terrible if your wife found out, so I'm going to make absolutely sure that she doesn't find out. Now, if you just drop in here for a little more auditing ... Now you know in your heart that the critical things you've been saying about Scientology are just vindictive. They're not really true in your heart. You know that, don't you?" And the guy says. "Yeah, sure, I sure do know that!"

And then, if Scientologists couldn't blackmail you, they'd create some dirt on you through their "special operations." There were quite a few of those operations. This one, for example, happened recently. I wasn't involved in it, but Scientologists tried to get an assistant attorney general of the state of California embroiled in a fake operation where a Scientologist pretended to be a nun and pretended to get pregnant by him and filed papers against him. Then in another scheme they tried to set up the mayor of Clearwater, Florida, for a fake hit-and-run accident. I could give you operation after operation that they set up like this.

Penthouse: This has been going on since the fifties?

Hubbard: Sure. It was pretty tame back then compared to very sophisticated operations like they have now. When we hid assets, for example --I remember being in Philadelphia when the FBI anc the U.S. Marshall's Office were after my father on a contempt-of-court charge. There I was running across town with my father with our complete mailing list and a suitcase full of money! Heading for the hills!

Penthouse: Where did the money end up?

Hubbard: A lot of it went abroad. But my father always kept a great deal of it around his bedroom so that he could flee at a moment's notice. In shoe boxes. He distrusted banks.

Penthouse: What kind of money are we talking about?

Hubbard: Back then? Hundreds of thousands at least. The last time I saw my father, in 1959, he mentioned that he had at least $20 million salted away.

Penthouse: Did he invest the money?

Hubbard: No. He wanted to stay really liquid. Very fluid, so he could cut and run at any time.

Penthouse: Where did all this money come from? How much did it cost to be audited, in Scientology parlance?

Hubbard: It cost as much as a person had. He had to stay in the organization, getting audited higher and higher, until he paid us as much as he had. People would sell their house, their car, convert their stocks and securities into cash, and turn it all over to Scientology.

Penthouse: What did you promise them for this price?

Hubbard: We promised them the moon and then demonstrated a way to get there. They would sell their soul for that. We were telling someone that they could have the power of a god --that's what we were telling them.

Penthouse: What kind of people were tempted by this promise?

Hubbard: A whole range of people. People who wanted to raise their IQ, to feel better, to solve their problems. You also got people who wished to lord it over other people in the use of power. Remember, it's a power game, a matter of climbing a pyramidal hierarchy to the top, and it's who you can step on to get more power that counts. It appeals a great deal to neurotics. And to people who are greedy. It appeals a great deal to Americans, I think, because they tend to believe in instant everything, from instant coffee to instant nirvana. By just saying a few magic words or by doing a few assignments, one can become a god. People believe this. You see, Scientology doesn't really address the soul; it addresses the ego. What happens in Scientology is that a person's ego gets pumped up by this science-fiction fantasy helium into universe-sized proportions. And this is very appealing. It is especially appealing to the intelligentsia of this country, who are made to feel that they are the most highly intelligent people, when in actual fact, from an emotional standpoint, they are completely stupid. Fine professors, doctors, scientists, people involved in the arts and sciences, would fall into Scientology like you wouldn't believe. It appealed to their intellectual level and buttressed their emotional weaknesses. You show me a professor and I revert back to the fifties: I just kick him in the head, eat him for breakfast.

(My mother was lying on the bed and my father was sitting on her, facing her feet. He had a coat hanger in his hand. There was blood all over the place.)

Penthouse: Did it attract young people as much as cults today?

Hubbard: Yes. We attracted quite a few hippies but we tried to stay a way from them, because they didn't have any money.

Penthouse: A poor man can't be a Scientologist?

Hubbard: No, oh no.

Penthouse: What do you think of the great popularity of cults in this country?

Hubbard: I think they're very dangerous and destructive. I don't think that anyone should think for you. And that's exactly what cults do. All cults, including Scientology, say, "I am your mind, I am your brain. I've done all the work for you, I've laid the path open for you. All you have to do is turn your mind off and walk down the path I have created." Well, I have learned that there's great strength in diversity, that a clamorous discussion or debate is very healthy and should be encouraged. That's why I like our political setup in the United States: simply because you can fight and argue and jump up and down and shout and scream and have all kinds of viewpoints, regardless of how wrongheaded or ridiculous they might be. People here don't have to give up their right to perceive things the way they believe. Scientology and all the other cults are one-dimensional, and we live in a three-dimensional world. Cults are as dangerous as drugs. They commit the highest crime: the rape of the soul.

Penthouse: You mentioned that Scientology attracted a great many well-known or important people. Can you give us some examples?

Hubbard: Two of the people we were involved with in the late fifties in England were Errol Flynn and a man who was high up in the Labor Party at the time. My father and Errol Flynn were very similar. They were only interested in money, sex, booze, and drugs. At that time, in the late fifties, Flynn was pretty much of a burned-out hulk. But he was involved in smuggling deals with my father: gold from the Mediterranean, and some drugs --mostly cocaine.

They were both lust a little larger than life. I had to admire my father from one standpoint. As I've said, he was a down-and-out, broke science-fiction writer, and then he writes one book of science-fiction and convinces the world it's true. He sells it to millions of people and gets billions of dollars and everyone thinks he's some sort of deity. He was really bigger than life. Flynn was like that, too. You could say many negative things about the two of them, but they did as they pleased and lived as they pleased. It was always fun to sit there at dinner and listen to these two guys rap. Wild people.

Errol Flynn was like my father also in that he would do anything for money. He would take anything to bed --boys, girls, Fifty-year-old women, ten-year-old boys, Flynn and my father had insatiable appetites. Tons of mistresses. They lived very high on the hog.

Penthouse: And what about this Labor Party official?

Hubbard: He was a double agent for the KGB and for the British intelligence agency. He was also a raging homosexual. He wanted my father to use his black-magic, soul-cracking, brainwashing techniques on young boys. He wanted these boys as his own sexual slaves. He wanted to use my father's techniques to crack people's heads open because he was very influential in and around the British government --plus he was selling information to the Russians. And so was my father.

Penthouse: Your father was selling information to the Soviets?

Hubbard: Yes. That's where my father got the money to buy St. Hill Manor in East Grinstead, Sussex, which is the English headquarters of Scientology today.

Penthouse: What information did your father have to sell the Soviet government?

Hubbard: He didn't do any spying himself. What he normally did was allow these strange little people to go into the offices and into his home at odd hours of the night. He told me that he was allowing the KGB to go through our files, and that he was charging £40000 for it. This was the money he used for the purchase of St. Hill Manor.

Penthouse: Do you know any specific information that the KGB got from your father that might have been harmful to security?

Hubbard: The plans for an infrared heat-seeking missile in the early fifties. They obtained the information by extensive auditing of the guy who was one of the head engineers. There were great infiltrations clear to this day. There has always been an inordinate interest on the part of Scientology in military and government personnel. There's no way for me to prove it sitting here, but I believe that the KGB trained East German agents who came via Denmark to London to the United States who were, supposedly, Scientologists. They made very good Scientologists. They were very well trained.

Penthouse: Did your father do this just for money?

Hubbard: Yes. The more he made, the more he wanted. He became greedy. He was really just interested in the use of money and power, wherever it was or whomsoever it was. Morality and politics made no difference to him at all.

Penthouse: Did the Labor Party official get any of his young men via Scientology?

Hubbard: Yes. The British were ripe for Scientology. The British school system fosters lesbianism and homosexuality, because from the time you're born until you're in your twenties, all you see is the same sex. The schools are so segregated. And you'll notice in Scientology the focus on sex. Sex, sex, sex. The first thing we wanted to know about someone we were auditing was his sexual deviations. You know, in actual fact, very few people exclusively practice missionary-style sex. So all you've got to do is find a person's kinks, whatever they might be. Their dreams and their fantasies. And if you find that central core, their sexual drives and desires and fantasies, then you can fit a ring through their noses and take them anywhere. You promise to fulfill their fantasies or you threaten to expose them --very simple. And People do have outrageous sexual fantasies. Nothing wrong with that --I'm the last guy on earth who should make a value judgment about somebody's sexual practices. But once you find their sexual core, you've got them. And you find this by brainwashing, through auditing, through interrogation, investigations, following them, photographing them, tapping their phones, whatever.

Penthouse: You did all that?

Hubbard: Sure.

Penthouse:Where there any other high level British government people in Scientology?

Hubbard: There was a member of Winston Churchill's medical staff. We had him by the balls.

Penthouse: Did he give you any information about Churchill?

Hubbard: Yes, certainly. You see, these people didn't realize where their information was going. They always thought that in Scientology auditing they had the priest-confessor's confidentiality --but it was never that way. People just assumed it, and still do. But everybody knew what was in everybody's files.

Penthouse: What was the first example you can remember of your father's espionage activity?

Hubbard: I remember one day in 1944 when he came home from the naval base where he was stationed in Oregon with a big, gray metal box under his arm. He put in our little attached garage and put a tarp over it. That weekend a couple of funny little guys came over to the house. I remember it was summer and they were wearing heavy woolen overcoats --dark brown overcoats. It stuck in my mind: what are they doing wearing overcoats when it's hotter than hell? I was only about ten at the time. Anyway, these big, sweating guys take the box and put in in their car and drive off. But before they'd come, I'd snuck a look in the box. It had this strange-looking object in it. I didn't know what the hell it was.

Later on, in the fifties, I was walking through a war surplus store and I suddenly saw an object that was just like the one I'd seen in the box. It was the heart of the radar. During the war --when those men took it from our garage --it was super-secret, super-valuable, worth thousands of dollars. I remember that people were told to commit suicide if it ever got captured in order to blow it up.

Then, in 1955, I went to work in the Scientology office in London. I noticed a woman in the office doing strange things with strange people in the office, so I investigated her. I found out she was a card-carrying member of the Communist Party. I got very angry at her and broke into her apartment, where I found dozens of little code pads. They looked like little milk pads with a whole mess of letters and numbers on them. I had people follow her to the Russian Embassy. I finally wrote a long report to my father about her. He was furious. He told me not to investigate anymore, not to write anymore, not to tell anyone what I had found out, to destroy all my evidence. I yelled at him, "The goddamn Russians are running around the office and doing God knows what." He yelled back. "I want'em there!" He told me that she was placed there by the KGB with his knowledge and consent. This really bothered me. My grandfather, who was a lieutenant commander in the navy, had impressed me with his red-white-and-blue honor and integrity. He was an officer of the old school. 180 degrees different from my father, in fact, I credit him a great deal with my ability to get rid of Scientology and get my head straightened out, because his patriotism had gotten through to me and made me sour on what my father was doing in dealing with the Russians.

Penthouse: Was this why you became disenchanted with Scientology?

Hubbard: It was the beginning. I began to see that my father was a sick, sadistic, vicious man. I saw more and more parallels between his behavior and what I read about the way Hitler thought and acted. I was realizing that my father really wanted to destroy his enemies and take over the world. Whoever was perceived as his enemy had to be destroyed, including me. This "fair game" policy since the beginning. The organization couldn't exist without it. It keeps people very quiet.

Penthouse: Do you mean killed?

Hubbard: Well, he didn't really want people killed, because how could you really destroy them if you just killed them? What he wanted to do was to destroy their lives, their families, their reputations, their jobs, their money, everything. My father was the type of person who, when it came to destruction, wanted to keep you alive for as long as possible, to torture you, punish you. If he chose to destroy you, he would love to see you lying in the gutter, strung out on booze and drugs, rolling in your own vomit, with your wife and children gone forever: no job, no money. He'd enjoy walking by and kicking you and saying to other people, "Look what I did to this man!" He's the kind of man who would pull the wings off flies and watch them stumble around. You see, this fits in with his Scientology beliefs, also. He felt that if you just died, your spirit would go out and get another body to live in. By destroying an enemy that way, you'd be doing him a favor. You were letting him out from under the thumb of L. Ron. Hubbard, you see?

Penthouse: It's been said that many Scientologists have similar philosophies.

Hubbard: Yes. Many are sadistic, just like he was. Very Teutonic, very Gestapo.

Penthouse: Do you think they would stop at murder?

Hubbard: Many wouldn't. The one super-secret sentence that Scientology is built on is: "Do as thou wilt." That is the whole of the law. It also comes from the black magic, from Alistair Crowley. It means that you are a law unto yourself, that you are above the law, that you create your own law. You are above any other human considerations. Since you came into being by an act of will, you can do anything you will. If you decide to go out and kill somebody --bam! --that's it. An act of will. Not connected, to any emotions or feelings, not governed by any ethics or morality or law. They are very vicious people. Totally into attack. Most people think these people are so insane and wild and berserk and unpredictable. Not to me. Insane people are very predictable, because they're trapped on the same mental and spiritual merry-go-round and all they can do is go round and round. For years I've been able to Counter them --to stay alive --simply because I was one of them. I had a helluva good teacher.

Penthouse: Was your father violent in his behavior with his family?

Hubbard: Not to me. But he beat up a lot of women very badly. Blood, black eyes, busted teeth, the whole thing. He beat the holy hell out of women. His rages were incredible. I've read reports of the kinds of rages Hitler used to have, and they sound just like my father's. He was especially touchy about food. He would always have somebody else at the table sample everything on the table before he'd eat it. I've seen him pick up an entire dinner table and throw it against the wall if he didn't like the food or thought it was suspicious. He got very strange in the fifties. He had to have his clothes washed and washed and washed. He would take showers half a dozen times a day. I have often wondered if all of this might have been caused by the massive amounts of drugs and medication he took.

Penthouse: Did your father take a lot of drugs?

Hubbard: Yes. Since he was sixteen. You see, drugs are very important in the application of heavy black magic. The personal use of drugs expands one's conscious ability to break open the doors to the realm of the deep.

Penthouse: What kind of drugs did he generally use?

Hubbard: At various times, just about everything, because he was quite a hypocondriac. Cocaine, peyote, amphetamines, barbiturates. It would be shorter to list what he didn't take.

Penthouse: Did he encourage you to do drugs?

Hubbard: Well, he used them with me. He was a real night person. We used to sit around all night, sit around his office or home, get loaded up, and talk. He had a pretty liquid tongue. He loved to talk. And of course, in the fifties, he decided that was the heir apparent, so he wanted to teach me everything he knew. He started me out by mixing phenobarbital into my bubble gum, when I was ten years old. This was to induce deeper trances in order to practice the black magic and to get an avenue to power.

Penthouse: How exactly would this work?

Hubbard: The explanation is sort of long and complicated. The basic rationale is that there are some powers in this universe that are pretty strong. As an example, Hitler was involved in the same black magic and the same occult practices that my father was. The identical ones. Which, as I have said, stem clear back to before Egyptian times. It's a very secret thing. Very powerful and very workable and very dangerous. Brainwashing is nothing compared to it. The proper term would be "soul cracking." It's like cracking open the soul, which then opens various doors to the power that exists, the satanic and demonic powers. Simply put, it's like a tunnel or an avenue or a doorway. Pulling that power into yourself through another person --and using women, especially -- is incredibly insidious. It makes Dr. Fu Manchu look like a kindergarten student. It is the ultimate vampirism, the ultimate mine-fuck, instead of going for blood, you're going for their soul. And you take drugs in order to reach that state where you can, quite literally, like a psychic hammer, break their soul, and pull the power through. He designed his Scientology Operating Thetan techniques to do the same thing. But, of course, it takes a couple of hundred hours of auditing and mega thousands of dollars for the privilege of having your head turned into a glass Humpty Dumpty --shattered into a million pieces. It may sound like incredible gibberish, but it made my father a fortune.

Penthouse: When was the last time your father was seen in public?

Hubbard: Sometime in the sixties he granted an interview to British television. After that he didn't appear in public and just slowly became a recluse. One of the reasons he became a recluse was his own physical and mental condition was deteriorating so badly that he couldn't let the public or the Scientology membership know just what kind of shape he was in. He was a testament to the fact that Scientology didn't work.

Penthouse: Looking over the past twenty-odd years of your life, what would you have done differently?

Hubbard: That's a complex question, guess if I had it to do all over. I would do the same thing. With a father like mine. I don't think I could live it differently. It's been twenty-three years of nell, out sometimes you have to go through hell to get to heaven. It's been a very exciting life. I can say that. We come from a long line of rogues and scoundrels, going back 200 or 300 years, at least. And so I guess we're built for this kind of life. I've said that I am a preacher of adversity and controversy, and I thrive on it. Plus maybe by our example, people will quit trying for god-ship.

Penthouse: What if your father's alive? Would you be able to confront him?

Hubbard: Yes I would love to.

Penthouse: Do you have any fear of him?

Hubbard: No if he is sick, I would make sure he receives the best treatment I could find in the world for him. I consider him a victim of all this as much as I consider myself a victim of his own involvement with black magic, drugs and his own delusions. He became a victim of himself.

Penthouse: Many people would say that your father is guilty of a great many sins and crimes. Do you think he should be punished?

Hubbard: He hasn't escaped punishment. I think at this juncture, dead or alive, he fell into his own insanity, and that's quite sufficient punishment. That is the most terrible jail of all, to be trapped inside his own head. With him it must be like being locked inside an exploding fireworks factory with no way out.

Penthouse: Have you ever wished your father dead?

Hubbard: I don't believe so, no. Regardless of the things he's done to me --we had a helluva good time!

Penthouse: Ripping the world off?

Hubbard: We did! I enjoyed my life then, and I enjoy it now. And really, as far as crimes go. I think my father has received the ultimate punishment wichis being locked and traped in his own insanity. There's no way out for him.

Scientology Responds

In order to present both sides of the controversy involving the Church of Scientology and L. Ron Hubbard Sr. to our readers, Penthouse Contributing Editor Allan Sonnenschein conducted a lengthy interview by telephone with the Rev. Heber Jentzsch, president of the church. Excerpts from that interview follow.

Jentzsch: Let me say this: The media have been hyped by a number of people who are criminal - extortionists - perverts - etc. - and they make all these claims, and then you're supposed to respond to them. The credibility of the individual is just out the bottom. And I don't find it instructive for us to just sit and respond to a bunch of allegations.

Penthouse: Is it true, as DeWolf claims, that Scientology is an extremely expensive and time-consuming process?

Jentzsch: It isn't expensive if one is looking at something that works. And Scientology is an extremely workable system. The churches that I know of - and I deal with religious leaders all across the country - some of them have a tithing system, and they pay it for their entire lifetime. That can be quite a bit of money, and it's also worthwhile. But let's move it out of the religious field and look at the psychiatrists, and they're running all this crazy stuff, you know? You've got psychiatrists who are essentially charging an arm and a leg for electric shock psycho surgery, drugging, all kinds of things which really are destructive to the individual. And they're funded by the state for those activities, into the billions. So Scientology comes along. First of all, it can be done from a person picking up a book like Dianetics as I said. And it costs them the price of the book. Or it can be done from the standpoint of the professional counselors and so forth. Mr DeWolf hasn't been with the church for twenty-four years, so he's hardly an authority on where we are at the present time. But it's like yo say - is it expensive or time consuming? Well, long before I joined the staff, I did Scientology extensively. I didn't find it time consuming. I found that I was able to do it and still carry on at a profession and do both.

Penthouse: Can a poor man go through Scientology counseling?

Jentzsch: Sure.

Penthouse: He can?

Jentzsch: Sure. I mean he can go on the staff, and for that he receives his counseling, and he can do the whole thing.

Penthouse: Is it true that the media have been intimidated by church members when they try to report on the organization?

Jentzsch: Ha! Well, I just say, look with your own eyes. If they're intimidated, boy, how do you explain Time magazine, 20/20 on ABC TV, Cable Network News national, ABC TV's World News, the Los Angeles Times, and the New York Times, reporting all in one day on Scientology? I mean, how do you explain that? I mean, give me a break!

Penthouse: The allegation has been made that the Church of Scientology has hounded ex-members who have spoken out negatively about the church.

Jentzsch: Can you give me the names?

Penthouse: Gerald Armstrong is the first that comes to mind.

Jentzsch: Mr. Armstrong is my step-son-in-law. I know him quite well. He was a clerk, and he also drove a car. And that's all he ever did. When he left, he sort of tried to raise his status. If he thinks he's been hounded by Scientologists, I'll offer this: he says he's getting phone calls? We'll go to the police and put a trap on the phone. You know what a trap is, right? It just traces the phone call. So let's find out where the phone calls are coming from, because it isn't coming from our people. And I want to know. So to every guy who's screaming that, that's the thing I offer.

Penthouse: How do you respond to charges that L. Ron Hubbard, Sr. may no longer be alive?

Jentzsch: Mr. Hubbard wrote me a letter last week. He wrote the court that has the records under seal and is keeping them in safekeeping, per our request. Now, he wrote, and he carboned me, with a very well-documented, extensive kind of forensic background in this letter. What it is is one of the top forensic scientists in this country put together an ink that could have been formulated by the second of February, 1983. He put that ink in a pen, and sent it to Mr. Hubbard. Mr. Hubbard wrote a letter to the court, carboning me, and he also placed his fingerprints on that letter underneath the ink and to the side. And top forensic analysts have proven that, that is the ink that was formulated the second of February 1983. Number two: that is his writing. Number three: those are his fingerprints. End of theme. But this letter establishes, in terms of forensic science and in terms of court-acceptable records, that Hubbard Sr. is very much in control of this whole scene and his own monies, his own life, his own activities...

Penthouse: Is it possible to speak to Mr. Hubbard?

Jentzsch: I...........I don't think that Penthouse magazine, given its past activities, would ever do a decent article on Mr. Hubbard. I think they would do everything they could to try to denigrate, to try to impugn the man, to try to destroy any credibility he has... I've read Penthouse and the hate they have for anyone who is opposed to psychiatry, anyone who is opposed to electric shock and psycho surgery, as we have been... I have only to characterize it; that's the only reason they're opposed to it --that Hubbard has instituted an incredible educational capability. They hate it. Absolutely hate anything... [Editor's note: Reverend Jentzsch is not as familiar with the editorial content of Penthouse as he thinks. Among the very many critical articles on psychiatry the magazine has published are " Psychiatric Holocaust" (January 1979), "Psychiatry Kills" (April 1981), and "Electroshock: The Horror Continues" (June 1982)].

My current frame of mind is that the media will have to prove to us that they have some sort of modicum of ethics and integrity... At this current point, I have no reason to trust them. None at all. I find them rapacious. I find them to be not interested in anything... Six and a half million people who are living good lives, with a tremendous capability...but I don't find the media wanting to cover any of that...

Penthouse: We feel that Mr. Hubbard has a right to respond to the allegations made by Mr. Hubbard, Jr.

Jentzsch: What you're saying is that you give a man who's a criminal the same right as a man who is not.

Penthouse: We're just trying to determine the truth.

Jentzsch: I've got to tell you, I've heard the same thing from every major media that has talked to me. And every one of them had just not one modicum of integrity.

Penthouse: We would be willing to work out any problems you might have before we meet with Mr. Hubbard.

Jentzsch: Well, I don't know that you could meet him, because I have no idea where he is... I will tell you this: if I were ever asked by Mr Hubbard, I will make sure that all of the media who have currently interviewed him will never, ever, ever, get a personal interview. I mean, I can guarantee you that Time magazine will not... I can guarantee you ABC-TV will not: I can guarantee you that all the others will not. I will promise that, and I will campaign for it if he ever decides that he wants to do a major media event of any kind or an interview of any kind. I will make sure that every one of those gentlemen never, ever, ever, ever, ever, gets an interview with him.

5 comments:

  1. Scientology founder L. Ron Hubbard told his son while he was still sane
    “You know how to become a millionaire… start a religion.” admitting that Scientology is nothing but a fictionally created story.
    Scientology is nothing but a corporation that thrives off the ignorance of it’s followers by selling them and whoever else books, and courses on how to “improve” themselves spiritually..
    One of their expensive scams is that they will sell you for extremely large
    amounts of money a series of books that in the end are supposed to teach you how to walk through walls…. and after spending long hours of self deceptive meditation, a lot of money, and reading you become brainwashed to believe that you can actually walk through walls and when you try to and end up bumping your nose against the wall you are told that you couldn’t do it because you’re not ready yet however there are more books and courses available that will someday make it possible for you to do so for larger amounts of money butt not really.
    Scientology = manipulative corporate scam brainwashing moneybaggers club
    Scientologist = manipulated misguided fool

    I know someone who got sucked into that Scientology I didn’t know he was a Scientologist until one day, about 4 years ago, he said “Rob here’s a book you should read.” He passed me Dianetics by L. Ron Hubbard. I laughed and said “L. Con Flubbfart ha forget it.” For the first time in the years since I’ve known the guy he displayed anger and I’m talking very angry!!! Verbally with an agressive face.
    After that display he went on to talk about the ability to walk through walls, he hasn’t reached that level but he plans on getting there etc… I’ve also heard of that course from an ex-Scientologist and neither of them know each other.
    A common brainwashing technique used by cults is that of malnutrition. By supplying a diet to their subjects that lacks the proper amount of proteins, vitamins, and minerals necessary for a healthy body and mind their subjects easily fall prey to suggestion whether it is direct through discussion or indirect through literature.
    Here’s a website that describes some of the unusual deaths of Scientology members
    http://www.whyaretheydead.net/

    ReplyDelete
  2. The
    Technical Bulletins
    of Dianetics and Scientology
    by
    L. Ron Hubbard
    Founder of Dianetics and Scientology
    VOLUME VIII 1966-1969
    Bridge Publications, Inc. NEW ERA Publications International ApS

    Published in the USA by Bridge Publications, Inc.
    4751 Fountain Avenue Los Angeles, California 90029
    ISBN 0-88404-479-3
    Published in all other countries by NEW ERA® Publications International ApS
    Store Kongensgade 55 1264 Copenhagen K, Denmark
    ISBN 87-7336-664-1
    ©1991 L. Ron Hubbard Library All Rights Reserved
    No part of this book may be reproduced without the permission of the Copyright owner.
    DIANETICS, PLAG, HUBBARD, NEW ERA DIANETICS, OEC, OT, PURIPICATION RUNDOWN, SCIENTOLOGY, SHSBC, THE BRIDGE, Ability magazine, BOOK l, BOOK ONE, E-METER, HCO, LRH,
    L. Ron Hubbard signature, the SCIENTOLOGY symbol, the DIANETICS symbol in circle, the Class VIII symbol and the Sea Org symbol are trademarks and service marks owned by Religious Technology Center and are used with its permission. SCIENTOLOGIST is a collective membership mark designating members of the churches and missions of Scientology.
    Printed in the United States of America

    HUBBARD COMMUNICATIONS OFFICE
    Saint Hill Manor, East Grinstead, Sussex
    HCO INFORMATION LETTER OF 16 OCTOBER 1968
    Gen Non-Remimeo
    To: All Orgs From: Ron
    Subject: Article "E-Meters Replace Guns," issued this date for general info.

    Terrorists and subversives are far more afraid of E-Meters than guns.

    An E-Meter is a small, inexpensive box of electronics that ably distinguishes the subversive or the criminal from honest men.

    When guns are used on subversives the subversive wins; he wins worid support, boycotts, the protests of huge governments. But when E-Meters are used, the subversive loses. He loses his leaders, his communication lines and his support. And even more important he loses his hold of terror over people by which he can cause broad strikes and passive resistance.
    The Mau Mau won after all. Even though he slaughtered thousands of natives in terrorism, the opinion of the worid swung toward the "poor native downtrodden by his masters" and Kenya was delivered over to Mau Mau inspired freedom—and presumably more Mau Mau* massacres.
    Subversion is a large subject. Only a skilied expert can handle it.
    A good control requires superior technology. Just now the "superior technology" in political use is mental terrorism in subversive and seditious hands. And it is winning in the UN, throughout the Northern Hemisphere and in Asia. It does not mean freedom. It only talks about it. It means slavery for all, white, brown, and black.
    Unless the controlling forces in Africa use technology superior to that in the hands of the terrorist, no amount of guns, no number of soldiers or police can stem the tide.
    Police force is an emergency measure. It is vital to bring about order—but only after security technology has failed. That riots occur and that police must act says that security has already broken down.
    Unless broad, effective security measures can be instituted, more riots, more police, more terrorism can result.
    The average native does not like to run with the terrorists. He would rather live in peace. But when criminal subversives exist amongst the native population,
    *» M
    Mau Mau: a secret organization of tribesmen in Kenya that used revolutionary terrorism during the 1950s in a rebeilion against British colonial ruie.
    247

    the native is cowed by their terrorism into taking part in demonstrations, strikes and vandalism.
    This was the pattern of the Mau Mau. By threats and enforced oaths, a fe\v trained subversives dominated the area. That the native population was reluctant is demonstrated by the thousands of natives slain by the terrorists, compared to twenty whites.
    The terrorist is the proper target of any police action, not the defenseless bodies the terrorist throws upon police guns. The terrorist stays safe while his enforced slaves die.
    How does a terrorist subversive accomplish this? His devious ways include blackmail on sex and other crimes, threats of reprisals on families, and promised punishment if the hapless native fails to act.
    Guns only shoot the pawns set up by subversives. They do not kill the subversive.
    And that is why the E-Meter is far better than guns. It hunts down the shadowy man behind the trouble.
    How?
    Find one native who participated in a riot or a strike. Put him "on" an E-Meter and without that pawn saying one word, you can find out who made him do it.
    Then, finding the person who forced him on and putting that person in turn upon the E-Meter, you can find the man behind him.
    The safety of the terrorist is blasted apart the moment an E-Meter is applied to some of the people taken from any riot or passive strike.
    There is no known way to "beat the E-Meter" used in this fashion except Scientology processing. And in processing honesty and courage are returned and the information is usually volunteered. So there is no known way to beat the E-Meter except by smashing it or discrediting it.
    The subversive bitterly hates the meter. He hates it so much that a London pro-Russian paper recently devoted half a page calling it "a box of rubbish" and other hard names even knowing they would be sued and would lose 20,000 pounds at least. It is worth many times 20,000 pounds to world subversives to discredit "the magic box."
    What is it anyway? It is a very sensitive, extremely modern version of the old Wheatstone bridge, designed a century ago. Its use has been constantly fought by "liberal" and subversive groups.
    An older version exists today as the "skin galvonometer" unit of the police lie detector. These machines however are unwieldy and subject to 9% error. Further they cost about 6,000 pounds apiece.
    Ten years ago new research was begun on the structure of the machine and improvements were made. Then about four years ago a brilliant electronics team under heavy supervision, designed and built the modern Electrometer.
    248

    Many times as sensitive as the police lie detector, this new meter is constructed with a very sensitive dial and transistors. It is not subject to mains variations and can be adjusted to read through the reactions of the most nervous subjects.
    What does it read? The older models were thought to read "lies." The new model reads emotional reaction and disagreement—and it reads them whether the subject talks or not.
    The subject is made to hold two electrodes, one in each hand. The operator asks questions. The machine reads the emotional reaction to the questions. Whenever the needle dips a bit the answer is "Maybe." When the needle dips a great deal, the machine is answering "Yes." When the needle does not dip at all,
    the answer is "No" or "Not Guilty."
    The machine also has a tone arm which tells a quicker story. Used, for instance, at a road block, if the subject took the electrodes in hand and the E-Meter was adjusted to read, the tone arm would tell at once whether the person should be questioned further. A tone-arm too high or too low would mark the subject that should be interrogated at length. Sixty persons an hour could be checked by one machine in the hands of one operator by using the tone arm only. And every person with a bad tone arm reading could be set aside for additional testing. All this has held true on tens of thousands of cases.
    This compared to the old police lie detector is a great advantage since the old lie detector required about one hour per subject.
    The 6,000 pound detector would require a truck to carry it about. Its new, better grandson is a box not much bigger than a large book.
    And what if a person refused to take the electrodes. They almost never refuse even when guilty. But if they did, a gentle placing of the electrodes under the armpits or against the soles of the feet gets the same readings.
    The E-Meter costs no 6,000 pounds. It costs about 36 pounds less than a good rifle. And it gets the right game, not the pawn or the innocent bystander.
    In troubled times business tends to halt because there has been no way to sort out the dishonest employee, house boy or farmhand. The method used in the past was to remove all the help to a reserve. And that nearly ruined everyone and punished the innocent.
    A better method is for every manager or householder to have an E-Meter and to understand its operation (it takes about two weeks to become rather expert). Every employee can be checked out at effective intervals and trouble will be caught a long time before it happens, for the instigator of future trouble would instantly be disclosed. It's nice to sleep comfortably and eat and work with no fear.
    Subversion attempts to break down the natural affection and understanding that should exist amongst people, between employer and employee. An E-Meter restores confidence. And after all, security is only confidence confirmed.
    249

    A whole otherwise loyal population can be turned against its employers and rulers by doing two things:
    (1) By corrupting the worker with lies and threats and
    (2) By provoking the leaders to act savagely toward the governed, thus severing loyalties.
    When these two actions are undone, subversion, sedition and terrorism collapse.
    All subversion depends on messengers, delivery of arms, collection of monies and other movements. These actions require the use of paths and roads.
    By putting road blocks across internal and external paths and highways of the country and equipping these with E-Meters, this necessity of movement is hampered and most communication chains are broken. Subversion could collapse on this alone. For instance there is no reason to unload and inspect trucks when drivers and riders are checked for conspiracy and found "clean." Constant checking is obviated by thorough checking at regular intervals and issuing certificates of a check, complete with picture and thumb print. A person with "clean hands" does not need continuous checking or special passes. He can be trusted.
    Honest people are the victims in a subversion. It is the basic responsibility of a government or an establishment to protect its loyal and honest people.
    Make no mistake about the end product of a subversion campaign. The talk during a revolt is all of "liberty," but once the revolt is over, slavery of the cruelest kind is the country's lot. Look at France in the 18th century. Look at Ghana. It is no kindness to go soft and let a people's lot be worsened.
    Around the world today, an enormous raid is in progress. Perhaps capitalism has had some bad points. But capitalism at least returned something for a people's labor.
    Socialism and communism, growing ever stronger in the Northern Hemisphere, are a raid on the production of labor by the privileged few. Socialism and communism seek to have a people's labor for no return. And the least progress, the least happiness, exist in communist dominated countries. They "award" the worker with near starvation, no freedoms and total labor.
    The reign of terror which ushers in a communist state in practice never abates. Even when communism has won "freedom for the worker" there is no freedom—in fact far less freedom than ever before. So no effective measure that halts the sweep of terrorism should be left unused. So, have no qualms about the invasion of privacy factor in using E-Meters. Only the honest deserve privacy. Only the loyal have earned it.
    And yet we often hear honest men revile the use of quiet interrogation. They are misguided. They have been set on by dishonest men who are trying to hide. Only the honest have rights. It's a good thing to remember that when subversion is about.
    250

    The E-Meter prevents the honest from being arrested, jailed, martyred. The punishment of the honest is all music to the terrorists' ears and earns a large splash in world news. So prevention of injustice is vital.
    It is remarkable that the E-Meter makes it unnecessary to jail men for political crimes. And this punishment of political action is what makes bad press in the United States and England.
    How is that?
    Political crimes of the intensity of mob violence, terrorism and vandalism occur against the background of a very odd fact: The professional subversive is held on the job by blackmail. The blackmail consists of threatened exposure of an actual criminal background.
    In a very large number of cases checked on the E-Meter it was discovered that the majority of persons guilty of political crimes were first guilty of actual crimes such as robbery, murder, rape and mayhem. Of a long series of known communists checked out, the large majority were found to have committed crimes of violence.
    In the light of this startling fact, jailing a person for political beliefs or sedition becomes relatively unnecessary. One doesn't jail a murderer for inciting a riot and incur vast international press repercussions. One jails a murderer for murder and hangs him very thoroughly.
    A country can be torn asunder by failing to understand subversion. A government becomes savage, driven half mad and understandably so. It cannot find anything to hit except its people. Employer becomes paranoid about his employees. Which one of them will cut his throat? And understandably he becomes hostile to all of them. The worker feels the brunt of government and foreman and, afraid, has no place to turn and comes at last under the executioner's axe of the terrorist as he mounts to power or grinds out his life, a slave in the donkey mill of the "new people's state."
    The forces of subversion loose on Earth today use exact technologies. These are taught carefully to criminals in prison, in schools, in foreign states. This is the new psychosis of Earth. To break it one need only work with truth and reach men's minds with truth. One need but be certain to have the subversives behind bars, or otherwise cared for, to prevent truth from being corrupted. And the E-Meter singles them easily out from the loyal crowd.
    No fortress, business or country can long endure in the climate of hate.
    No gate, no fortress is more secure than its garrison. That corrupted and why the walls?
    Not for nothing does any "new people's state" shoot down the moment it's in power the very men who destroyed the old. Counter-revolution is the terror bed mate of all new communist states. They know how easily it is done and how. And so they usually remove even their own old agents by the firing squad or through exile. The Trotskys don't live long. Therefore, if this is so efficient, why don't we remove the agents now before the people's state is formed by violence? We don't even need to know their names and addresses typed on a neat list.
    251

    Those can be found by a quiet dial placed in the hands of any rioter or striker that is caught. These wouldn't talk. They don't have to. The meter does the talking, even in semi-skilled hands.
    Reform of abuses in a state cannot be achieved while that state is filled with distrust and nerves. And a state will be so filled while subversives, trained in their own technologies, are still at large amongst a people.
    Confidence is the only atmosphere in which reforms can take place.
    The subversives in the UN and throughout the Northern Hemisphere have South Africa now just where they want her. Antagonized by violence within her borders, South Africa uses guns. The subversives through the world scream and cause, by this, good people to act and protest.
    The end of this tragedy would be a South Africa denied all help, even arms, shut off to the North by "new people's states" well supplied with arms, and finally attacked from without only to collapse from within by carefully prepared revolts.
    To turn this into a comedy, with the subversive at the receiving end of the joke is not hard to do. A populace of Asians and natives loyal to South Africa could help fight subversives rather than aid the collapse and any war declared in the north could be rolled back with ease.
    To accomplish this at first not even government cooperation is necessary to the project. If employers and householders could read men's minds with "the magic box," they could assemble to themselves loyal crews. If this were broadly done the government would soon follow suit, if only to the extent of the individual police members adopting the method to save themselves hot work in interrogation and arrests. But let us hope the government as well would quickly avail itself of technology superior to that of the subversive and quickly run subversion down with modern scientific technology instead of tedious and ancient actions which, everywhere they have been used, failed.
    E-Meters are cheap. They can be imported in enormous quantities. They are easy to operate. Special evening classes could be set up quickly in existing centers throughout South Africa. There are no frailties or bugs in the modern meter. They read positively. The E-Meter and the know-how to use them is fifty years ahead of the technology being used by subversives. And if the terrorists learn it, they cannot use it against South Africa because it is the technology of honest men. To use it is to become honest. Although the E-Meter technology now extant and well known to certain skilled persons in South Africa could be adequate, some additional technical work should be done to speed the resolution of this particular problem. Coordination of the. program and compiling instruction leaflets for the layman also should be done. Not even this is needed to launch the program but the effectiveness of the action could be speeded even more if it were. There would be no substitute for having a top flight security expert on the ground. Unfortunately those present, through no fault of their own, lacking technology, have already failed.
    Once subversion is handled and terrorists put out of the way, continued use of this activity would prevent further occurrences. Thus a rechecking of employees and population at intervals would be necessary to maintain peace.
    252

    And peace with trust is the only atmosphere in which measures can be taken to bring greater understanding and participation to a populace.
    A government cannot compromise or quit under duress without losing its strength and vitality. One cannot give up his integrity just because he is threatened. But once peace with trust is secured, harsh and inhumane methods of handling people become stupid and can be discarded.
    Only by treating its situation sensibly and effectively can South Africa live through the tremendous external pressure of a world gone mad with slavery in a new and terrible form.
    Don't think the world outside South Africa is free. It is not. It is sinking deeper and deeper into the slavery of new economic task masters, of rapacious governments, of its own terrible weapons.
    South Africa and Australia may well be the only civilized countries that will survive a coming atomic war. Thus South Africa has a tremendous responsibility to keep civilization alive and a population free of "people's dictatorships."
    South Africa needs every bit of modern technology it can obtain to win through to security.
    She faces today these menaces:
    (1) The exerted and concentrated technology of the terrorists which has so far won everywhere it has been hard tried—i.e., Kenya, Ghana, the U.A.R, etc.;
    (2) A possible shut-off of arms—i.e., Batista in Cuba;
    (3) Economic boycotts in the hands of rabble rousers running free and unhampered in the Northern Hemisphere—i.e. recent boycott in London;
    (4) Bad world press, fattened by new riots, a press that forgives any vandalism if anyone seeks to keep order and uses guns—i.e., Vereeniging, Hanga riots;
    (5) News people's states just to the north, ready and able to supply new subversives, unlimited arms and eventual war with the whole-hearted support of the world—i.e., Egypt, Algeria, etc.;
    (6) Internal distrust which can rise to stop all productions—i.e., Kenya, etc.;
    (7) An ever more divided government as the government seeks to hammer back the threat by needful methods which yet dismay the hearts of every decent man;
    (8) An engulfing of white, Indian and black alike in the chaos calculatingly created by a handful of trained subversives.
    253

    This is no time to leave stones unturned. This is no time to fail to write and apply the best available technology and the most effective plans.
    There are only two things which can prevent South Africa from winning with this program. These are:
    (1) Discrediting of the plan, its source and its tools. The E-Meter is violently hated by the subversive who already knows of it and will try to tear the sky off to prevent its use. When you hear it disparaged, look behind the discreditor to see what you find; and
    (2) Failure to use the most modern weapons and technology to fight back. To turn this tide use E-Meters, not guns.
    Probably, the only nation left on earth with the will to fight subversion is South Africa. ' A%
    Do we want to win?
    L. RON HUBBARD
    Founder

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  3. "The E-Meter sees all, knows all. It is never wrong."

    -L. Ron Hubbard, Electropsychometric Auditing Operator's Manual, 1953.78

    The Hubbard Electro-psychometer, or E-Meter, has become an indispensable part of Scientology. The E-meter is a device which measures the changes in electrical conductivity of the skin that occur at moments of even slight excitement or emotional stress.79 It is similar to the machine used in giving lie detector tests. The rather crude device consists of two tin cans held by the subject or "preclear."80 The cans are attached to an apparatus with several dials and a small window in which a needle moves, indicating responses by registering the change in electrical resistance of the subject's skin. Scientologists claim the E-meter allows people to "see a thought."81 Originally invented by early Dianetics enthusiast and chiropractor, Volney Mathison, Hubbard eventually patented the device, which proved to be quite a profitable venture.82 Every Scientologist wanted to have his own E-meter and the only place to buy them was from the Hubbard Association of Scientologists. The little gadget would later prove to be an essential tool in Scientology processing.

    Scientology processing, or auditing, is a central element of the cult's practices. Auditing usually involves two people: an auditor and a preclear. An auditor is someone trained in applying Scientology techniques and has been through Dianetics processing themselves. The preclear pays to be guided by the auditor through a series of techniques involving the E-meter, which are used to uncover areas of mental distress. The auditor asks questions of the subject, and the movement of the meter's needle is apparently used as a check of the emotional reaction to the questions. According to complex rules and procedures set out in Scientology publications, the auditor can interpret the movements of the needle after certain prescribed questions are asked. These reactions are then used in diagnosing the mental and spiritual condition of the subject.83

    During the auditing session, only the auditor sees the movements of the needle. The preclear's role is to answer questions and work to remember painful experiences that have occurred in the past. Interpreting the motions of the needle, the auditor then coaxes the subject to view a mental picture of the supposed event. The idea is that the same E-meter needle reaction will continue until the person has faced up to whatever is being repressed. In this way, the E-meter is essentially used to uncover buried thoughts or experiences on behalf of the subject. The following is a simplified dialogue showing how the E-meter is typically used in Scientology processing- Auditor: "Have you ever stolen anything?" Preclear: "No." Auditor (looking at needle moving): "That reads. What do you consider this could mean?" Preclear (envisioning a past experience): "I'm not sure�Oh yeah, I did steal a candy bar when I was eight years old." Auditor (viewing needle): "That's clear." (moves onto next question).84

    Many Scientologists are initially impressed that the auditor can apparently discover what they are thinking. The E-meter seems like sheer magic in its ability to dredge up forgotten experiences.85 Some members come to regard the instrument with a special, almost supernatural awe. Hubbard claimed that the E-meter was infallible, and as such was an invaluable tool in providing a scientific basis for the methods prescribed in Dianetics.86 The machine revealed what was beneath the surface of the human conscious in a precise and accurate manner, said Hubbard. Above all, he stressed that the E-meter was scientific proof of the workability of Scientology processing.87 For Hubbard, the needle's movements reflected a scientific precision that lent an air of credibility to the movement. The machine was the final indicator of what was true- it did not lie.

    The importance that Scientology places on the E-meter and how this correlates with the ideology of totalitarianism is the subject of this section. I argue that Scientology's relation toward its E-meter has come to epitomize the movement's totalitarian leaning toward technology and science. Referring to Hannah Arendt's writings, I will discuss how totalitarian movements use the language of science to propel their ideology. In addition to this, I will consider Hubbard's emphasis on logic and axioms, as well as the mechanized processing it entails. A discussion of the various ways the E-meter is used within Scientology will also be included.

    One of the major things that Hannah Arendt stressed about the nature of totalitarianism was that once it has come into the world, it will continue to arise in new ways that we have not considered.88 Arendt was concerned with the many possible forms in which totalitarianism could disguise itself. She particularly felt that science and technology were areas where totalitarian movements would arise in the future. The nature of the totalitarian guise demands that it be difficult to recognize. In the case of science and technology, Arendt wrote that totalitarianism is the last stage in a process where "science has become an idol that will magically cure the evils of existence and transform the nature of man."89 This faith in science, which has become a dominant characteristic of American culture in the twentieth century, is the guise in which Arendt felt totalitarianism was most likely to emerge.

    Totalitarian movements always accentuate the scientific aspects of whatever they are asserting. As Arendt writes, "the obsession of totalitarian movements with 'scientific' proofs" is a distinguishing characteristic of their ideology.90 Scientology has exhibited this trait from the very moment Hubbard conceived of Dianetics as "The New Science of the Mind."91 Hubbard's initial approach in writing about Dianetics was that of an engineer seeking practical, scientific solutions to the mysteries of the human mind. Gone was Hubbard's previously racy science fiction prose; it was replaced by a sober and logical textbook style.92 The new scientific thesis rested upon a system of axioms and mechanisms, giving Hubbard the appearance of a respectable scientist laboring away for years to uncover the hidden truth within nature. In reality, Hubbard never held a degree in neither science nor engineering.93 However, this did little to discourage him from writing in the scientific language he favored, as it served to make Dianetics seem more credible and thus more persuasive.

    This emphasis on the scientific has followed Scientology throughout its brief history. Hubbard based Scientology on the premise that the human mind is predictable according to certain axiomatic laws of mechanics. He drew elaborate maps of how the human mind works, entitling the sketches "Mind Schematic" and "Analyzer Schematic."94 These maps were the equivalent of linear computer models, complete with Hubbard's wordy and often incomprehensible language.95 Having conceived the notion of a mechanized human mentality, Hubbard then declared that the mind was now subject to a "science of certainty."96

    Hubbard's complicated, mechanical outlines are an excellent example of how Scientology exploits society's faith in science and technology to establish a system of unverified scientific proofs as fact. As Arendt notes, every totalitarian movement "asserts that all happenings are scientifically predictable according to the laws of nature."97 In the case of Scientology, Hubbard said that mental behavior was scientifically predictable within the laws of engineering and physics and could be measured accurately with the assistance of an E-meter. Thus, utilizing the E-meter as a source of scientific evidence for its theories, Scientology can continue to spread the fantasy it is based upon. The result is a movement where "ideological lies are supposed to be believed like sacred untouchable truths," each surrounded by a carefully elaborated system of "scientific proofs."98

    Another correlation between Scientology's relationship to science and the totalitarian ideology is the revealing name that Hubbard chose to call his religion. "Scientology" is derived from the Latin scio (knowing in the fullest sense) and the Greek logos (study)99. An exact definition of the word would be "knowing how to know," a phrase which Scientologists always refer to when discussing the origins of the word.100 Hearing the word "Scientology," one is reminded of science; that is, science with an -logy stuck onto the end of it. This combination of word connotations produces a meaning which seems to be half scientific and half philosophical- in short, scientific philosophy.101 Interestingly, Hannah Arendt wrote that ideologies themselves are "known for their scientific character: they combine the scientific approach with results of philosophical relevance and pretend to be scientific philosophy." This is exactly what Scientology does, as its name testifies. Scientology functions as an ideology, for it orders ideas under the subject matter of a science. Arendt states that the suffix -logy in ideology, and, I would add, in the word Scientology, "indicate nothing but the logoi, the scientific statements made on it."102 Such ideological thinking within Scientology is significant because it characterizes the totalitarian desire to build a fictitious world. The application of a scientific model functions merely as a justification for that desire. Hubbard's logical procedures, which are the foundation of Dianetics and Scientology, begin with an axiomatically accepted premise which "deduces everything else from it, proceeding with a consistency that exists nowhere in the realm of reality."103

    Returning to the subject of the E-meter, it is critical to examine the various ways Scientologists have used this technological apparatus over the years. In 1959, Hubbard introduced "security checking," known as "sec checks," whereby Scientologists are interrogated, having to answer long, prepared lists of questions about their moral transgressions.104 The E-meter is used as a lie detector throughout these "sessions." Scientology defends sec checks as a way of handling hidden "overts", i.e., harmful acts.105 Apparently, one of these "harmful acts" is addressed with the question "Have you ever had any unkind thoughts about L. Ron Hubbard?"106 A careful record is kept of all confessions, which has proved to be a highly effective means of silencing dissidents. Due to strong criticism, the procedure was later renamed "integrity processing," using the exact same list of questions as the earlier "security checks."107 Scientology presumes that any of its members might become a security risk at any time, and the "accuracy of the E-meter" is used to blackmail those who turn against the movement.108

    Many people also view the E-meter largely as a biofeedback device. In biofeedback, the subject learns how to control his or her own unconscious physical responses by manipulating them with conscious mental control.109 These people argue that while the E-meter may help people, there is little if any real measurement of repressed experiences occurring during auditing. Instead, subjects experience a heightened self-confidence as they learn how to pass the E-meter's tests by controlling their own thoughts. The more familiar a Scientologist becomes with the E-meter, the easier it can be tricked, much like a lie detector. The biofeedback viewpoint contradicts Scientology's official position that processing "discharges the harmful energy connected with the preclear�s reactive mind."110 Nonetheless, it is another way of viewing the E-meter which has gained a following within factions of dissident Scientologists.

    While ways of understanding the E-meter vary, it is crucial to recognize how the device reflects Scientology's totalitarian attitude toward science and technology. Scientology insists that the E-meter is the final indicator of the truth, consistently relying on the "scientific proof" of this machine to further its ideology. Hubbard's overwhelming vision of mechanical processing, leading to his "science of certainty," was based on the notion of a scientifically predictable human mind that obeys axiomatic laws of logic. In addition to this, Scientology uses the E-meter as a lie detector, gradually building a state of fear and paranoia for its members. All the while, the movement continues to rely on a `pseudo-scientific philosophy that has proven itself to be a defining characteristic of the totalitarian ideology. It is only when such an ideology aims to obliterate all opposition, as I will discuss in the following section, that it begins to reveal the absolute terror that forms the basis of totalitarian domination.

    ==================================

    78. Wallis, Roy, The Road to Total Freedom, p. 116. The same phrase also appears in Hubbard's E-Meter Essentials, 1961.
    79. Miller, Bare-Faced Messiah, p. 203.
    80. A "preclear" is an individual who has not yet achieved the state of "clear," a state in Scientology which Hubbard said enabled man to become totally free from the contents of his reactive mind. Preclears are amateur Scientologists who must engage in the auditing process in order to work their way up "the bridge"; that is, "The Bridge to Total Freedom" which Scientology claims to have mapped out with scientific certainty.
    81. Hubbard, E-Meter Essentials, 1961. Available at http://e-meter.org.uk/page06.htm
    82. Atack, A Piece of Blue Sky, p. 128. An E-meter currently costs about $3500. This figure was confirmed by my recent encounter with Scientologists on 24 April 1999.
    83. Malko, George, Scientology- The Now Religion, p. 63.
    84. Penny, Wakefield, Social Control in Scientology: The Road to Xemu, p. 106.
    85. Corydon, Messiah or Madman?, p. 152.
    86. Hubbard, E-meter Essentials, p. 35.
    87. Ibid., p. 36. It was mainly Scientologists who stressed the accuracy of the E-meter as a scientific measure of "mental energy." Numerous independent (i.e. non-Scientology initiated) studies have concluded that the E-meter is an extremely poor diagnostic tool. Scott, Perry, A Study of E-meter Frequency Response, http://www.ezlink.com/~perry/CoS/freq_resp.html.
    88. Lane, Ann, Hannah Arendt, Class Lecture, 28 January 1999.
    89. Arendt, Origins of Totalitarianism, p. 346.
    90. Ibid., p. 345.
    91. Miller, Bare-Faced Messiah, p. 153. Dianetics first appeared in the May 1950 issue of Astounding Science Fiction.
    92. Ibid., p. 153.
    93. Ibid., p. 57. Hubbard claimed to have a degree in both civil engineering and nuclear physics. These were outright lies. He dropped out of college after two years upon receiving very poor grades and failed the only class he ever took in molecular and atomic physics.
    94. Hubbard, Dianetics: A Modern Science of Mental Health, 1950, p. 420, 424. Hubbard's linear maps of the human mind were included in the 1950 release of Dianetics. Interestingly, the maps were removed in later editions of the book, most likely due to increasing criticism of his "science of the mind" and allegations of hoax. Hubbard was well-known for constantly changing his theories of "scientific certainty."
    95. Ibid., p. 421. An example of Hubbard's writing: "When exterior determinism enters into the human being so as to overbalance his self determinism the correctness of his solutions fall off rapidly."
    96. Miller, Bare-Faced Messiah, p. 201.
    97. Arendt, Origins of Totalitarianism, p. 383.
    98. Ibid., p. 384.
    99. Miller, Bare-Faced Messiah, p. 202. Hubbard erroneously believed the word "scientology" to be his own invention. Actually, Alan Upward coined the word in 1907, using it to characterize and ridicule pseudoscientific theories. In 1934, A. Nordenholz, a German advocate of Aryan racial theory, had also used the word in an obscure philosophical work. (Atack, A Piece of Blue Sky, p. 128)
    100. Malko, Scientology- The Now Religion, p. 61.
    101. Arendt, Origins of Totalitarianism, p. 468.
    102. Ibid., p. 468.
    103. Ibid., p. 471.
    104. Miller, Bare-Faced Messiah, p. 243. Many of the question reflected Hubbard's morbid preoccupation with sexual deviation ("Have you ever had sex with a member of your family?) and a wide range of crimes were also probed ("Have you ever had anything to do with a baby farm?" and "Have you ever done any elicit diamond buying?")
    105. Corydon, Messiah or Madman?, p. 433.
    106. Atack, A Piece of Blue Sky, p. 151. Burroughs, William, Naked Scientology, p. 85. When Burroughs had a "reading" on this question, he explained it saying "He's so beautiful, he dazzles me. I can't help resenting it sometimes.." Apparently this was enough to clear the meter and move onto the next question.
    107. Touretzky, David, Secrets of Scientology- the E-meter, http://www.cs.cmu/edu/~dst/Secrets/E-meter. The cost of "Integrity Processing" currently ranges from $250 to $500 per hour.
    108. There is justification for this suspicion, as thousands have left the movement, including many who are now leaders in the fight against Scientology.
    109. As defined by Merriam Webster Dictionary, 1994.
    110. Hubbard, E-Meter Essentials, 1961.

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  4. EL-RON OF THE CITY OF BRASSL. Sprague de Camp
    [Printed in the "Literary Swordsmen and Sorcerers"
    series in Fantastic, August 1975]

    =====================================

    ON NIGHTS 566 to 578, Shahrazad entertained her sultan with the tale of the City of Brass. She told how a Caliph sent an expedition under Emir Musa to explore in Africa. There they found a vast deserted castle, a jinn imprisoned in a pillar, and finally the City of Brass itself, with its people lying dead in the streets and houses.

    The expedition gathered a load of loose treasure, met a friendly black tribe, and at last returned in triumph. There is sentimental Arabic poetry about the shortness of life, which causes hearers to weep or swoon. There are quaint gaffes about the events of the Days of Ignorance - that is, times before Muhammad. Thus we read of such pseudo-historic personages as "Darius the Greek, king of Alexandria."

    On the whole, the tale is not of Shahrazad's best. Perhaps stories of Sindbad, just preceding, had drained her faculties.

    The deaths of the folk of the City of Brass, for instance, are never explained. But then, as we go back in time, we find that in fiction generally, inconsistencies, non sequiturs, and untied loose ends become more and more frequent. We are much fussier about such things than they were in medieval Egypt, where the Thousand and One Nights took form.

    The City of Brass became the springboard for one of a series of fantasy novels in John W. Campbell's great, lamented Unknown (Worlds) by one of imaginative fiction's most colorful practitioners, Lafayette Ronald Hubbard - writer, entertainer, warrior, adventurer, and cultist. In the four and a half years of Unknown's existence, L. Ron Hubbard furnished eight fantasy novels for this magazine, one as "René Lafayette," the rest under his own name. Of these eight, three can surely be classed as heroic fantasy, while the fourth is on the borderline. A fifth appeared later in another magazine.

    Such a contribution ranks Hubbard among the literary swordsmen and sorcerers. In his case, however, the cult leader overshadows the fantasy writer. The swordplay and sorcery experienced by his heroes are no more fantastic than Hubbard's own career.

    ===================================

    WHEN I FIRST knew Hubbard, around 1940, his background was picturesque but not mysterious. He was born in 1911 in Nebraska, the son of a commander in the U.S. Navy. As a child he lived in Montana on a ranch owned by his grandfather and went to high school in Helena. Later, the family brought him to Washington, D.C., where he attended a YMCA preparatory school and, for a brief period ending in 1932, George Washington University.

    During the next five years, Hubbard tried several occupations. He served a hitch in the Marines. He seems to have visited the Far East, either during his Marine service or earlier when his father served a tour of duty in those parts. Hubbard played the banjo and sang on the radio in California. He had some flying experience. He organized a vacation cruise to the Caribbean Islands. At a gathering in New York, he met H. P. Lovecraft probably on the latter's last visit, in January, 1936). Afterwards, Lovecraft said: "That is a remarkable young man!" 1

    Hubbard wrote a Western novel, Buckskin Brigade, which appeared in 1937 and was quickly followed by more Western and sea stories. Next year, he broke into Campbell's Astounding and blossomed into a mass-production writer. His stories appeared in nearly all the science-fiction magazines and in other outlets for popular fiction. He wrote under his own name and under the pseudonyms "René Lafayette" and "Kurt von Rachen." For several years before Pearl Harbor, he compared in volume and versatility with Robert E. Howard at the peak of his production.

    In his late twenties, Hubbard was a tall, well-built man with bright red hair, a pale complexion, and a long-nosed face that gave him the look of a reincarnated Pan. He arranged in his New York apartment a curtained inclosure the size of a telephone booth, lit by a blue light bulb, in which he could work fast without distraction.

    During the winters of 1939-40 and 1940-41, Hubbard lived in an apartment on New York's upper West Side. His wife and two children remained in Seattle, whither he returned for his summers. He had a boat on Puget Sound and made cruises up the foggy coast of British Columbia and the Alaskan panhandle. On one such voyage, while he and a friend were oil their way to some fishing, Hubbard lassoed a large brown bear, which he espied swimming. The bear climbed aboard, forcing Hubbard and his companion to flee to the cabin until the ship ran aground and the bear departed. Fletcher Pratt used the incident in Chapter xxvi of his fantasy novel The Well of the Unicorn.

    A man of overpowering personal charm, Hubbard became a member of Fletcher Pratt's wargame circle, which played a naval war game with balsa models of real warships on the scale of 55' = 1". The battleground was the Pratts' living-room floor until the crowd became too large; then they hired a hall on East 59 Street.

    At these gatherings, Hubbard showed a bent for practical jokes. He gave widely varied impressions of himself. Some thought him a Fascist because of the authoritarian tone of certain stories. But one science-fiction writer, then an idealistic left-liberal, was convinced that Hubbard had profound liberal convictions. To others, Hubbard expressed withering disdain for politics and politicians, saying about the imminence of war: "Me, fight for a political system?'

    ===================================

    HUBBARD WROTE FOR Unknown four of the five stories considered here. Three of them were "The "Ultimate Adventure" (April, 1939); "Slaves of Sleep" (July, 1939); and "The Case of the Friendly Corpse" (August, 1941).

    In each of these novels, the protagonist starts out as an anti-hero: a weak, shy, timid, prissy, pedantic youth, sent by magic to another parallel world, where he is forced to become a roistering, swaggering adventurer. In each tale, the other "dimension" is vaguely Oriental. It is implied that its language is Arabic. But Hubbard knew nothing of that tongue; hence many names of the denizens of these imagined worlds are, Arabically speaking, impossible.

    In "The Ultimate Adventure," Stephen Jepson, left a destitute orphan, is beguiled by a mad professor into visiting one of an infinite number of universes. Stevie is placed in an electric chair before a copy of The Arabian Nights, open to "The City of Brass." When the professor closes the switch, Stevie finds himself in the City of Brass itself. Exploring a tower, he unwittingly sounds a huge gong. Thereupon the comatose folk of the city awaken.

    Escaping a gigantic ifrit or jinn, Stevie returns to the laboratory but is unwittingly sent back to the City of Brass, this time with a pistol. He is condemned to death as a suspected ghoul, shoots his way out, falls in with a gang of real ghouls who collect people's heads to eat, and rescues the rightful queen of the city from captivity in an ifrit's castle. When the wicked professor comes seeking treasure, Stevie turns the tables on him.

    It's all good fun. This novel came out in paperback in 1970 from Berkley Medallion Books. It was combined in one volume with another of Hubbard's Unknown novellas, the psychiatric horror tale "Fear."

    "Slaves of Sleep" is perhaps the best of the trio, with the most sustained power of imagination. It is the only one ('these stories, so far as I know, that has appeared alone in book form. It was published in cloth in 1948 by Shasta Publishers, with a charming jacket by the late Hannes Bok. More recently, Lancer Books issued it in paperback.

    This time, the protagonist is a poor little rich boy, better heeled than Stevie Jepson but no more effectual. Jan Palmer, heir to a shipping fortune, ignores the business and moons about in a sailboat while crooked executives loot the shipping line.

    Among Jan's heirlooms is a large copper jar, sealed with the Seal of Solomon. Another wicked professor sneaks into Jan's house and opens the jar. (Hubbard's contacts with academe evidently failed to give him a high opinion of it.) Out comes an ifrit imprisoned there by King Solomon. True to form, the ifrit kills the evil professor, curses Jan with eternal sleeplessness, and vanishes, leaving Jan to be accused of the professor's murder.

    The first time that he goes to sleep in jail, Jan learns what the ifrit meant. Instead of ordinary dreams, Jan finds himself in a parallel world, where people form the lower caste and jann,2 the upper. The locale is much like the Barbary Coast of the Mediterranean in the seventeenth century. Jan inhabits the body of a sailor called "Tiger" - a roisterer with a passion for practical jokes. Thenceforward, Jan alternately awaits his trial in jail on the earth he knew and has madcap adventures in the alternate world. In time, the characters of Jan and Tiger merge, to the improvement of both.

    It also transpires that other people whom Jan knew in his waking life - his aunt, the crooked executives, and the girl whom he timidly worships from afar - also have Dopplegänger in the world of sleep. With the help of a magical ring, which opens all bonds, Jan triumphs. The ring, however, is the main flaw in the story, because it makes Jan's victories look childishly easy. For instance, he beats a hostile navy by simply commanding the ships to fall apart. Where Robert E. Howard saved himself brain-racking labor in plotting by endowing his heroes with Herculean brawn, which got them out of all predicaments, Hubbard achieved the same end by providing them with invincible magical gadgets.

    The third novella, "The Case of the Friendly Corpse," has some of the most original ideas and the funniest passages of any of Hubbard's stories, but it lets the reader down hardest at the end. Some of its plot elements were borrowed. In the 1930s, Dr. John D. Clark (who edited Howard's Conan stories for the original cloth-bound publication) and a friend named Mark Baldwin concocted a prospectus for an imaginary College of the Unholy Names. In a clever imitation of the usual deadly-dull style of such publications, they solemnly listed courses in the black arts, e.g. Advanced Thaumaturgy 112, Elementary and Advanced Transformations (Magic 56).... Delinquent students (e.g. those caught sleeping alone) were to be dropped - from Skelos Tower. ("Skelos" was borrowed from Howard.)

    In 1941, Clark lent the typescript of this fabrication to Hubbard to use in a story. In the tale, Jules Riley is about to get. an advanced college degree and become an instructor in ancient languages-a fate that he (and presumably his creator) regards as a fate worse than death. At the crucial moment, Jules falls into another dimension. There he learns that his alter ego, a student at the College of the Unholy Names, has used his magic to swap bodies with Jules.

    Fletcher Pratt and I had just finished our pre-war Harold Shea stories; "The Castle of Iron" had appeared in Unknown two issues earlier. Hubbard played a literary joke by having Harold appear before one of Jules's fellow students:

    "He said he was a magician from another world [explains the student, who has been demonstrating a wand that turns into a super-serpent]. Well, I was just about to show the dean this double wand so I said this would be a good time to try it out and see if it really worked. I said I'd make a snake and then he'd rear up a monster and we'd see which one won. Well, he seemed kind of upset when I threw down the wand and it began to grow and he yelled some kind of chant that sounded like mathematics and the snake just kept on growing. I expected to see his monster any minute because he'd said he was a magician from another world and I figured he must be pretty good. But, by golly, the snake just grew up and then grabbed him up and ate him up before I could do anything about it." 3

    Some fans were indignant at Hubbard's so brusquely bumping off a colleague's hero. Pratt and I thought of writing a story to rescue Harold from the serpent's maw and turn the tables, but after some floundering we gave it up. Another writer's mise en scene, we found, cramps the imagination so severely that fancy plods when it should soar. In the end, we ignored Hubbard and sent Harold on to other milieux.

    The title of "The Case of the Friendly Corpse" comes from an incident wherein Jules is forced to bring a dead man back to life. He, however, gets the revivification spell mixed up with one for winning friends and influencing people. Hence the corpse, only half restored to life, is filled with demonstrative love for Jules, to the latter's unavailing horror.

    It is a good, lively tale until the climax, which comprises a horrible example of deus ex machina. Jules, stripped of his magical powers and facing the vengeful host of sorcerers with a puny sword, overcomes them by simply renouncing magic and opting for the Christian God. Then his sword cuts through them and their monsters as through warm butter. To top it off, King Arthur and his knights, not mentioned before, gallop out of nowhere to chase the paynims away.

    This ending is as incongruous as would be the finale of Hemingway's For Whom the Bell Tolls tacked on a novel by P. G. Wodehouse. Moreover, whereas some fantasy writers like T. H. White and C. S. Lewis, themselves devout Christians, can handle the Christian theme, the cynical Hubbard's exploitation of the Christian motif merely irks even the agnostic reader.

    Hubbard also wrote a borderline swordplay-and-sorcery story, "Typewriter in the Sky," which ran as a two-part serial in Unknown, beginning with the issue of November, 1940. Mike de Wolf, aspirant pianist, visits the flat of Horace Hackett, hack writer, who is pounding out a yarn of piracy on the Spanish Main in 1640. Mike gets an accidental electric shock and finds himself living in Hackett's story. He is cast as the villain, the Spanish admiral Miguel de Lobo. Knowing what happens to Hackett's villains, Mike-Miguel uses frantic stratagems to outwit Hackett, the quasi-god of this world.

    It is all good fun but not to be taken seriously. The synthetic world of Hackett's imagination has no magic; merely the careless anachronisms and inconsistencies, such as a Steinway piano, that Hackett puts into his story. When Hackett tears up a chapter and begins it over, Mike's situation instantly changes to match. Since the tinsel artificiality of the scene created by Hackett's mind is a basic assumption of "Typewriter," the reader is amused but not strongly engaged. At the end, Mike, back in his own body, muses:

    Ah, yes. The fate. It was his luck to meet somebody in a story and then return without her. It was his luck. But you couldn't expect the breaks all the time. You couldn't ask luck to run your way forever. He had had her for a little while, in a land ruled by a typewriter in the clouds. And now he was out of that and there was no type-

    Abruptly Mike de Wolf stopped. His jaw slackened a trifle and his hand went up to his mouth to cover it. His eyes were fixed upon the fleecy clouds which scurried across the moon.

    Up there-

    God?

    In a dirty bathrobe? 4

    ===================================

    WHEN THE United States entered the Second World War, Hubbard was commissioned in the Naval Reserve and assigned to sea duty, first on anti-submarine craft and later on a cargo ship, the USS Algol. When Lieutenant Hubbard appeared in Philadelphia in the winter of 1944, the Heinleins, the Asimovs, and the de Camps made a night of it with him. I cannot blame him for showing slight vexation at my having half a stripe on him, since he had at least been at sea, while I had been navigating a desk. We were all fascinated when Hubbard turned the lights low, struck up Heinlein's guitar, and in a splendid voice sang Fifteen Men on a Dead Man's Chest.

    After the war, Hubbard lived for a while in California and resumed writing. His stories, as before, fell into two groups. One consisted of light, humorous tales of adventure, zest, full and amusing but carelessly thrown together. The other group was made up of more serious stories wherein the hero is a lonely leader, a solitary natural aristocrat who (like E. R. Eddison's heroes) has to kick the benighted common clods around for their own good.

    Hubbard wrote for Astounding a series of fairly good stories about an immortal interplanetary physician, Doc Methuselah, who flies about the galaxy stopping plagues and toppling tyrants. Some medically trained readers took exception to Hubbard's medical ideas.

    In 1950, after Dianetics had burst upon a vulnerable world, Hubbard wrote a sequel to "Slaves of Sleep". This was "The Masters of Sleep," which appeared in FANTASTIC ADVENTURES for October, 1950. Something goes awry with the original characters of "Slaves of Sleep." Jan Palmer, losing his double consciousness, reverts to his timid self in the waking world and to the foolishly reckless Tiger in the world of sleep. The same fate befalls his mate, ex-secretary Alice in the former world and dancing girl Wanna in the latter.

    Again a marvelous talisman, the Two-World Diamond, appears to muddle and finally to solve Jan/Tiger's problems. Throughout, the diamond is being lost, found, stolen, and re-stolen. There are good scenes of naval action in the square-rigged, muzzle-loading, pike-and-cutlass era.

    Alas for the story! Hubbard undertook not only to entertain the reader but also to further his Dianetics movement and to promote certain political causes, one of which was the Al-Can Highway. Moreover Hubbard, who had prided himself on being apolitical, had discovered the menace of Communism.

    Hence Jan's waking world has two leading villains. One is a mad psychiatrist, Doctor Dyhard, who persists in rejecting Dianetics after all his abler colleagues have accepted it. He believes in prefrontal lobotomies for everyone and plots to get control of Jan for that purpose. The other scoundrel is a thieving lumberjack named Chan Davies, a member of the Friends of Russia Communist International Objectors Social Hall Lumberjacks Local No.261, with designs on the magical diamond. Older readers may recall that a left-wing science-fiction fan named "Chan" (for Chandler) Davis was then in the news.

    This mixture of political and pseudo-scientific evangelism proved fictionally disastrous. Hubbard's psychiatrists and Communists are such puerile caricatures that, even if his premises were granted, his treatment would not persuade any but the weakest minds.

    ===================================

    FROM THE LATE 1940s to date, Hubbard's own saga is as fantastic as anything be ever put into his stories. For a while he was in a business partnership with John W. Parsons, an explosives engineer and occultist.

    Parsons's life is a story by itself His cult began in the 1930s as a branch of the Order of Oriental Templars of Aleister Crowley 5, self-styled "wickedest man in the world" - occultist, poet, big-game hunter, drug addict, dope peddler, bisexual satyr, and professional screwball. Members of the Los Angeles branch of the O.T.O. met in the mansion of a magnate. They entered a secret meeting room by means of a trapdoor and a ladder. There a gauze-clad priestess of the cult climbed out of a coffin to perform the mystic rites. My colleagues Tony Boucher and Jack Williamson, who attended one of the meetings, reported that it was respectable to the point of dullness, unless one shuddered over the cult's laborious blasphemies.

    As I understand it, the theory of the cult leader - a Briton named Wilfred Smith - was that the world was too much run by extroverts. Therefore he proposed to get all the introverts together and organize them (as if introverts could be assembled and organized) into a conspiracy to seize control from the extroverts. Soon, however, the priestess died. Smith eloped with Parsons's wife and, with one thing and another, the cult became inactive.

    After the Second World War, Parsons revived the cult in an old mansion in Pasadena. But, when the rites called for a naked pregnant woman to leap nine times through a sacred fire on the lawn, neighbors called the police. In 1952, Parsons perished when he dropped a bottle of picric add on the floor of his laboratory.

    Hubbard's partnership with Parsons had ended a few years earlier under acerbic conditions. Then came the Dianetics/Scientology movement.

    Several people have written on this movement in detail; their books are listed in the notes. 6 A prudent man, however, approaches these events with caution. More than one author has complained of harassment from outraged Scientologists by abusive letters and threatening telephone calls. George Malko, who rashly devoted a whole book to Scientology, has been subjected to a lawsuit for six million dollars.

    This was but one of a large number of libel suits filed by Scientologists in recent years. Defendants include the American Medical Association, the Washington Post, and The Times of London. When they sued Paulette Cooper, author of The Scandal of Scientology, for a million and a half, she sued them right back for 15.4 million. 7 While, so far as I know, none of these suits has ever come to trial, they effectively discourage the publication of views unsympathetic to Hubbard and his followers.

    In Astounding for May, 1950, appeared an article by Hubbard, "Dianetics, the Evolution of a Science." This told of Hubbard's new system of psychotherapy and the radical theories by which he explained its effects. This article was followed by the book Dianetics, the Modern Science of Mental Health. The book opens with claim: "The creation of dianetics is a milestone for Man comparable to his discovery of fire and superior to his invention of the wheel and the arch." Hubbard averred that his system of therapy would cure all mental and most physical ills, making the subject a "clear" - a kind of superman. 8

    Whereas Hubbard's fictional style was always fluent, literate, and readable, his non-fiction proved incomprehensible - at least to me. A possible reason for this use of obscure language was expressed by W. S. Gilbert:

    And every one will say
    As you walk your mystic way,

    If this young man expresses himself in
    terms too deep for me,

    Why, what a very singularly deep
    young man this deep young
    man must be! 9

    ===================================

    IN Dianetics, HUBBARD started with the concept of an "engram." This term, invented by the German psychoanalyst Richard Semon early in this century, means a permanent impression left on protoplasm by a stimulus. For instance, said Hubbard, all sorts of haritiftil engrams are impressed on a human fetus during gestation as the mother is raped, kicked, or beaten by her husband, or as she attempts abortion by knitting needles. All these events, the book implies, are normal in average married life.

    Associated with Hubbard in the Dianetics movement were John W. Campbell and Dr. Joseph A. Winter, a physician specializing in endocrinology and psychosomatic medicine. Together they set up a Hubbard Dianetics Research Foundation in Elizabeth, New Jersey.

    Campbell, a brilliant man with a scientific education who became the greatest of all science-fiction magazine editors, had found active scientific research uncongenial and had made writing and editing his career. One can only speculate why, for many years, he lent himself to one unscientific or borderline idea after another. I suspect that. failing to become a famous scientist himself, he harbored the ambition to be at least the discoverer of such a scientist.

    The book Dianetics became a best seller despite the fact that psychologists, psychiatrists and other medical men heatedly denounced it as "amateurish and potentially dangerous meddling with serious mental problems." 10 Time and Newsweek described Dianetics as "the poor man's psychoanalysis," since the Dianetic system of auditing superficially resembles Freudian psychoanalysis.

    After a year of nationwide expansion and controversy, the Dianetic movement fell on hard times. Heresies and schisms arose. Lurid accusations were exchanged. Branches seceded. Doctor Winter broke with Hubbard in 1950; Campbell disavowed Dianetics in 1951; the Research Foundation in Elizabeth disappeared.

    Hubbard moved to Wichita, where he set up a second foundation with a local businessman, Don Purcell, as partner. Hubbard had shed his first wife and married Sara Northrup, who had been a friend of Parsons. In 1951, Sara divorced Hubbard. 11

    In 1952, the foundation in Wichita suffered financial reverses and was bought up by Purcell, whereupon he and Hubbard parted with recriminations. As his third wife, Hubbard chose Mary Sue Whipp, who has ever since taken an active role in his enterprises. Moving to Arizona, Hubbard propounded the more advanced doctrine of Scientology, based among other things on doctrines of reincarnation and the extraterrestrial origin of man. Revelation followed revelation, until Scientology made Dianetics look drab by comparison. A magazine summarized these teachings thus:

    Everyone, it seems, is 74 trillion years old, and has been reincarnated over & over in cycles ("spirals"), which have been getting shorter as evolution has speeded up. The current spiral began a mere 35,000 years ago. Everyone has a "theta being," which represents his essential thought-energy and becomes associated with a "MEST" body (another Hubword made from the initials of matter, energy, space, time). . . . If a subject has a pain in his jaw, it may he that in an earlier spiral he was a clam. If this pain is associated with fear of falling, he must have been a clam that was picked up by a bird and dropped on the rocks. 12

    Extending his operations to the United Kingdom, Hubbard set up his new movement on a tighter basis than the old. He claimed that he had written a book, Excalibur, but that when four of the first fifteen persons who read it went insane, he humanely withdrew it from circulation.

    For a time, Hubbard manifested himself in Saint Hill, an English mansion once owned by a maharaja. Here, at tea time, he had a butler serve him a Coca-Cola on a silver tray. He also castigated the psychiatrists who had received Dianetics with less than enthusiasm. In a magazine article, he wrote:

    If you point out something you don't like to a psychiatrist he promptly puts you on his list as insane and calls up his contacts in the police department and military intelligence to have you raided or arrested as a dangerous agitator. . . . He knows he can do nothing to really help and can only make somebody quiet. He is operating on a failed purpose to help others. And it makes him savage and morose. He even doubts his own sanity and often winds up completely mad in his own institutions. . . . If psychiatry had paid attention to its ethics of practice and had organized to prevent wild malpractice, it would not today be so vulnerable to attack. Documented orgies in sanitariums, sexual interference with patients to say nothing of the beatings, torturings and murders which have now come to light are all indications of what can happen when practice is not guided along decent and humane lines by professional ethics. 13

    In the 1960s, Hubbard converted his movement into the Church of Scientology, thus securing the protection (in the United States) of the First Amendment against governmental interference and gaining tax exemptions. Scientology fought the Food and Drug Administration to a standstill over the use of the so-called E-meter (electropsychometer). This device, used in Scientological interviews, resembles a drastically simplified polygraph or lie detector. It is made of a pair of tin cans, a galvanometer, and some wires. Hubbard released photographs of himself using the E-meter on a tomato, claiming that he was thus put en rapport with the tomatovian mind. 14

    In 1971, Federal District Judge Gesell held that, while the gadget looked to him like "quackery," its use was still protected as a religious rite by the First Amendment. Hence the FDA was ordered to return the confiscated E-meters.15

    Over the years, Scientology has grown in size and. influence to a degree that some find alarming. Hubbard has been declared persona non grata in several countries. 16 At last accounts, he was cruising the Mediterranean in his "Sea Org," a fleet of five small commercial and naval craft converted into yachts, and keeping tabs on his followers by a corps of uniformed "ethics officers." He is thought by some to become immensely rich. While none but he knows the details of his finances, his enterprises have obviously not impoverished him.

    ===================================

    AS A WRITER, Hubbard had some of Robert E. Howard's gifts: a natural bent for storytelling; a fine sense of pace, color, and action; and, more than Howard, an ebullient sense of humor. One must admit that, whatever their faults, few stories furnish more pure fun than some of Hubbard's Unknown novels.

    Hubbard also suffered from Howard's faults of slapdash haste and carelessness, which clutter his tales with damaging crudities and inconsistencies like those of his character Horace Hackett. If he had taken more time and trouble. . . But then he would been somebody else, with different faults and virtues. And those who have made Scientology into a formidable Church Militant would have had to seek their transcendental wisdom elsewhere.

    ===================================

    NOTES:1 Frank Belknap Long (personal communication).

    2 Jann is the Arabic plural of jinn.

    3 Unknown, V, 2 (Aug. 1941), p.31.

    4 Unknown, IV, 4 (Dec.1940), p.162.

    5 For Crowley, see L. S. & C. C. de Camp: Spirits, Stars, and Spells (Canaveral Pr., 1966), pp. 174-78.

    6 Martin Gardner: Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science (Putnam's, 1952; revised, Dover Pub. Co., 1957); Helen O'Brien: Dianetics in Limbo (Whitmore Pub. Co., 1966); Alan Levy: "Scientology," in Life, Nov.15, 1968; George Malko: Scientology, the Now Religion (Delacorte Pr., 1970); Paulette Cooper: The Scandal of Scientology (Tower Pubs., 1971); Daniel Cohen: Masters of the Occult (Dodd, Mead, 1971); Robert Kaufman: Inside Scientology (Olympic Pr., 1972); Christopher Evans: Cults of Unreason (Farrar Straus & Giroux, 1973). For the story of Hubbard and Scientology, I recommend the last of these.

    7 N. Y. Times, Jan. 20, 1974, pp. 1, 51; Paulette Cooper (personal communication).

    8 For the results of this alleged creation of clears, see Cohen, p. 180; Evans, p.49; Levy; Malko, p.56.

    9 Gilbert & Sullivan: Patience, Act I.

    10 N. Y. Times Book Review, Jul. 2, 1950, p.9; Aug. 6, 1950, p.22; Time, Aug.23, 1968, p.40.

    11 For the illuminating features of this case, see the N. Y. Times, Apr. 24, 1951, p. 32; Jun. 13, 1951, p. 18; Time, May 7, 1951, p.45.

    12 Time, Dec.22, 1952, p.34.

    13 Cohen, p. 183f; Evans, p.61; L. Ron Hubbard: "L. Ron Hubbard Breaks Silence," Mayfair Magazine (London).

    14 Time, Aug.23, 1968, p.40; Newsweek, Sep.23, 1974, p.84.

    15 N.Y. Times, Jul.31, 1971, p. 20; Phila. Evening Bulletin, Jul. 31, 1971, p.20.

    16 N. Y. Times, Mar.16, 1969, p.14; Apr. 14, 1969, p.33; Jan. 20, 1974, pp. 1, 51; Daily Sketch (London), Mar. 11, 1967, p. 1; The People (London), Mar. 19, 1969, pp.1, 13; Cohen, pp.193- 96; Evans, pp. 82-92; Malko, pp. 77-90.

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  5. I am a pediatric emergency room physician. We occasionally diagnose Kawasaki Disease (now properly called Kawasaki Syndrome) in young children. There are so many things wrong with the story of Jett's death that I am not sure where to start, but here's a try:

    1) NO association between Kawasaki and "toxic carpet cleaning chemicals" (or any other environmental cause) has ever been established. Given that these chemicals are ubiquitous in our society, if there were an association I would expect Kawasaki to be much more common.

    2) As far as I know, Kawasaki disease does not lead to brain injury or seizures. I suppose one could conjecture that if Jett had untreated heart problems from Kawasaki (which CAN happen) this could have led to a heart attack that led to seizures and death, but it sounds like Jett had seizures for a long time, which makes this a bit of a reach.


    3) It would be incredibly rare to bump your head and die from a seizure.

    We see children every day with seizures, and not once have I seen a child bump his head hard enough to have a brain injury from this. Of course, prolonged seizures or seizures that occur while doing something dangerous (driving, swimming, etc.) can lead to brain injury, but otherwise this is a stretch. Also, autistic children can exhibit self-injurious behavior, especially if untreated, and can exhibit behavior such as intentionally hitting their heads against walls or other hard objects. It is much more likely that a head injury led to brain injury (the cause of death) and the seizure than the other way around.
    4) For John Travolta (and the news media) to report that Jett died from either Kawasaki or a seizure is incredibly irresponsible. I guarantee you that we will see 30 children in our emergency department in the coming days whose parents have read this trash and are worried that their child is at risk for death from one of these causes, and every parent with a child who has a seizure disorder will now lose more sleep because of this BS.

    I am eager to learn what the autopsy shows, but unfortunately I don't think the questions of autism or a seizure preceding death can be diagnosed at autopsy.

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